This book comprises a collection of chapters on Mutation breeding approaches for the enhancement of crop growth in terms of productivity. The book looks at ways to establish long term safe, cost-effective and sustainable breeding practices over classical plant breeding methods. Genetic variation is a prerequisite for crop improvement program and was accomplished mainly through mutagenic treatment methods. This book will prove useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of Plant and molecular breeding. The book contains seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction. In chapter 2, Effects of mutagens on plants with special reference to biophysical damages are given. Chapter 3 provides mitotic and meiotic chromosomal aberrations due to mutagenic treatment. In chapter 4, the spectrum of morphological mutations and its causes was discussed. The mutagenesis and genetic variability is well explained in chapter 5. Mutagenesis and molecular profiling are discussed in chapter 6. Finally, chapter 7 concludes the molecular approaches and future prospective of mutation breeding.