Gillian R. Foulger

Plates Vs Plumes

A Geological Controversy

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Since the advent of the mantle plume hypothesis in 1971, scientists have been faced with the problem that its predictions are not confirmed by observation. For thirty years, the usual reaction has been to adapt the hypothesis in numerous ways. As a result, the multitude of current plume variants now amounts to an unfalsifiable hypothesis.
In the early 21st century demand became relentless for a theory that can explain melting anomalies in a way that fits the observations naturally and is forward-predictive. From this the Plate hypothesis emerged-the exact inverse of the Plume hypothesis. The Plate hypothesis attributes melting anomalies to shallow effects directly related to plate tectonics. It rejects the hypothesis that surface volcanism is driven by convection in the deep mantle.

Earth Science is currently in the midst of the kind of paradigm-challenging debate that occurs only rarely in any field. This volume comprises its first handbook. It reviews the Plate and Plume hypotheses, including a clear statement of the former. Thereafter it follows an observational approach, drawing widely from many volcanic regions in chapters on vertical motions of Earth s crust, magma volumes, time-progressions of volcanism, seismic imaging, mantle temperature and geochemistry.

This text:

Deals with a paradigm shift in Earth Science - some say the most important since plate tectonics
Is analogous to Wegener s The Origin of Continents and Oceans
Is written to be accessible to scientists and students from all specialities
This book is indispensable to Earth scientists from all specialties who are interested in this new subject. It is suitable as a reference work for those teaching relevant classes, and an ideal text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students studying plate tectonics and related topics.

Visit Gillian s own website at http://www.mantleplumes.org

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 364
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Oktober 2010
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 246mm x 189mm x 20mm
• Gewicht: 894g
• ISBN-13: 9781405161480
• ISBN-10: 1405161485
• Artikelnr.: 29954901

Autorenporträt

Gillian Foulger is Professor of Geophysics at the University of Durham where she has worked since 1985 on earthquake seismology and plate tectonics. She lived and researched in Iceland for seven years, where she acquired a mistrust of theories that do not fit practical observations without contortion. She manages the world-famous website www.mantleplumes.org and is widely acclaimed for leading the global debate regarding the existence of mantle plumes. For this she was awarded the prestigious Price Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society in 2005.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface
ix 1 From plate tectonics to plumes
and back again
1 1.1 Volcanoes
and exceptional volcanoes
1 1.2 Early beginnings: Continental drift and its rejection
1 1.3 Emergence of the Plume hypothesis
6 1.4 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
11 1.5 Lists of plumes
13 1.6 Testing plume predictions
21 1.7 A quick tour of Hawaii and Iceland
23 1.8 Moving on: Holism and alternatives
26 1.9 The Plate hypothesis
26 1.10 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
35 1.11 Testing the Plate hypothesis
35 1.12 Revisiting Hawaii and Iceland
36 1.13 Questions and problems
37 1.14 Exercises for the student
37 2 Vertical motions
38 2.1 Introduction
38 2.2 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
39 2.3 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
40 2.4 Comparison of the predictions of the Plume and Plate hypotheses
43 2.5 Observations
43 2.6 Plume variants
73 2.7 Discussion
74 2.8 Exercises for the student
76 3 Volcanism
78 3.1 Introduction
78 3.2 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
84 3.3 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
86 3.4 Comparison of the predictions of the Plate and Plume hypotheses
91 3.5 Observations
92 3.6 Plume variants
113 3.7 Discussion
114 3.8 Exercises for the student
116 4 Time progressions and relative fi xity of melting anomalies
118 4.1 Introduction
118 4.2 Methods
120 4.3 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
122 4.4 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
122 4.5 Observations
123 4.6 Hotspot reference frames
134 4.7 Plume variants
1370 4.8 Discussion
140 4.9 Exercises for the student
141 5 Seismology
143 5.1 Introduction
143 5.2 Seismological techniques
148 5.3 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
153 5.4 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
154 5.5 Observations
155 5.6 Global observations
179 5.7 Plume variants
184 5.8 Discussion
185 5.9 Exercises for the student
188 6 Temperature and heat
189 6.1 Introduction
189 6.2 Methods
195 6.3 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
203 6.4 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
205 6.5 Observations
206 6.6 Variants of the Plume hypothesis
222 6.7 Discussion
223 6.8 Exercises for the student
225 7 Petrology and geochemistry
227 7.1 Introduction
227 7.2 Some basics
230 7.3 Predictions of the Plume hypothesis
245 7.4 Predictions of the Plate hypothesis
246 7.5 Proposed deep-mantle- and coremantle-boundary tracers
246 7.6 A few highlights from melting anomalies
252 7.7 Plume variants
261 7.8 Discussion
263 7.9 Exercises for the student
265 8 Synthesis
267 8.1 Introduction
267 8.2 Mantle convection
275 8.3 An unfalsifi able hypothesis
277 8.4 Diversity: a smoking gun
284 8.5 The need for joined-up science
284 8.6 The future
286 8.7 Exercises for the student
287 References
288 Index
319 Colour plate section (starting after page 180)

Rezensionen

"This new textbook is ideal for a graduate-level seminar on the ongoing controversy over plumes." -- Andrew Alden - Andrew's Geology Blog, 18 November 2010

"This text is well written and easy to digest for the educated reader. . . it probably best suits advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students and would make a good text for courses in petrology, geophysics or basin analysis." -- The Observatory - Newsletter of the Royal Astronomical Society, 29 November 2010

"Nevertheless I strongly recommend this book both for students and researchers. It is ideal for use in classroom discussion projects, or in "lunch time discussion" meetings. It is clearly written and well illustrated and includes hundreds of useful references as recent as 2010." (Bull Volcanol, 3 April 2012)

"As such, it is a valuable work for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, but also for researchers from many specialties in geology, geophysics, geochemistry and geography." (Pure and Applied Geophysics, 1 April 2013)

"It is highly recommended to all OUGS members, who could consider reading the first and last chapters, together with one or two of the main chapters, as a minimum." (Open University Geological Society Journal, 1 November 2011) "In general, I found the book crisply and clearly written, easy to read, and liberally illustrated. It is also a wonderful summary of a wide range of volcanic provinces in time and space, as well as a provocative review of what we think we know and don't know of Planet Earth and deep mantle dynamics. It will be an invaluable resource for teachers of Earth science, ranging from geomorphologists to volcanologists." (Geobulletin, 1 March 2011)

"This is knee-deep geophysics, but too fascinating to put down. As the title says, there are conflicting views of how and why the earth recycles itself...very strong views. . . It goes to great lengths to explain the theories of continental drift through plate tectonics that took half a century to be accepted by mainstream geology." (Janet Tanaka, 2011)

"This new textbook is ideal for a graduate-level seminar on the ongoing controversy over plumes." (About.com, 2011)

"I have much pleasure in recommending this book, a distillation of global geodynamics information and ideas by a true leader in the field, for the libraries of institutions and individuals." (Current Science, 1 January 2011)

"At the end I may say that this is must read book for igneous petrologists and students." (Journal of the Geological Society of India, 1 March 2011)

"One cannot help being impressed by the breadth of material presented in this book . . . in concluding this review I have to admit to being impressed by the book even though my own work comes in for a fair amount of bashing in it. I was struck by the parallels between the plume controversy and the granite controversy, which in various ways dominated igneous petrology in the first half of the twentieth century." (Mantleplumes, 2011)

"This text is well written and easy to digest for the educated reader. Bullet points make it easy to skim read and pick the sections that interest you. It probably best suits advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students and would make a good text for courses in petrology, geophysics, or basin analysis." (The Observatory, 1 April 2011) "This new textbook is ideal for a graduate-level seminar on the ongoing controversy over plumes."

(Andrew Alden - Andrew's Geology Blog, 18 November 2010)

"This text is well written and easy to digest for the educated reader. . . it probably best suits advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students and would make a good text for courses in petrology, geophysics or basin analysis." (The Observatory - Newsletter of the Royal Astronomical Society, 29 November 2010)