In this study, we sought to understand the educational role that play should play in early childhood education. Play is a behavior that leads to pleasure, is an opportunity for the child to express their internal fantasies, and is linked to aspects of physical development and symbolic activity. Based on this perspective, it is appropriate here to relate the following problematic for this study: What is the importance of games and play for the development and learning of children studying in pre-school? Thus the objective of the research is to understand and analyze the playful activities and their importance for the learning of children in early childhood education in a municipal school in Cruzeiro do Sul- Acre. This research is relevant because it will complement the reflections that have been happening about this practice in preschool. The study is qualitative descriptive in nature, is inserted in the field research mode. It was used as an instrument of data generation the participant observation, followed by semi-structured interview. Moreover, as the purpose of grounding the study, it dialogues with authors such as Kramer (2008), Almeida and Cesarin (2002), Santos (2002), etc.