Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The plazas de soberanía , formerly referred to as "África Septentrional Española" (Spanish North Africa) or simply "África Española" (Spanish Africa) are the current Spanish territories in continental North Africa bordering Morocco, except the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.Since the Reconquista, the Spanish army conquered and maintained numerous emplacements in North Africa as a defense against North Africa.