Polio is an infection which causes paralysis of one or more limbs mostly in children. It is endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan and even though Nigeria interrupted the transmission in 2015, it recurred in 2016 in the troubled Northeastern part of the country. This book chronicles the use of vaccines against polio globally and in Nigeria; both in routine immunization and in vaccination campaigns. It describes the role of international agencies towards elimination of the disease in Nigeria and assesses the journey so far. It assesses the challenges facing the polio eradication initiative in Nigeria and the innovations to surmount those challenges. It also xrays the vaccination systems in Nigeria generally and their effectiveness in delivering vaccination services both in routine immunization and in vaccination campaigns; and examines the feasibility of using the inactivated polio vaccine in vaccination campaigns towards achieving the goal of elimination of polio from Nigeria.