A review presented of environmental issue of water pollution and soil wastewater is becoming increasingly important around the world. Most environmental hazards of wastewater associated with the presence of heavy metals, petroleum products, various chemical compounds, as well as pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Currently, in most regions of the republic the environmental situation is not only unfortunate, but also catastrophic. The most dangerous today manifestations of the ecological crisis are man-caused desertification, soil degradation, depletion and pollution of water resources, the irreversible loss of biodiversity and destruction of genetic fund wildlife, life-threatening intensification of industrial accidents, radioactive contamination and accumulation of hazardous and toxic waste.