Polymer Crystallization

Herausgegeben von Piorkowska, Ewa; Rutledge, Gregory C.

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Polymeric crystals are more complex in nature than other materials crystal structures due to significant structural disorder present. The only comprehensive reference on polymer crystallization, Handbook of Polymer Crystallization provides readers with a broad, in depth guide on the subject, covering the numerous problems encountered during crystallization as well as solutions to resolve those problems to achieve the desired result. Edited by leading authorities in the field, topics explored include neat polymers, heterogeneous systems, polymer blends, polymer composites orientation induced crystallization, crystallization in nanocomposites, and crystallization in complex thermal processing conditions.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 498
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Juli 2013
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 284mm x 223mm x 30mm
• Gewicht: 1422g
• ISBN-13: 9780470380239
• ISBN-10: 0470380233
• Artikelnr.: 36692726

Autorenporträt

DR. EWA PIORKOWSKA, is Professor and the Head of the Department of Polymer Structure at the Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. Her research interests include crystallization, structure and properties of polymers, polymer blends, composites and nanocomposites. DR. GREGORY C. RUTLEDGE, is the Lammot du Pont Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research interests include polymer science and engineering, statistical thermodynamics, molecular simulation, and nanotechnology.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface xiii Contributors xv 1 Experimental Techniques 1 Benjamin S. Hsiao
Feng Zuo
and Yimin Mao
Christoph Schick 1.1 Introduction
1 1.2 Optical Microscopy
2 1.3 Electron Microscopy
5 1.4 Atomic Force Microscopy
9 1.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
12 1.6 Scattering Techniques: X-Ray
Light
and Neutron
15 1.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
22 1.8 Summary
25 Acknowledgments
26 References
26 2 Crystal Structures of Polymers 31 Claudio De Rosa and Finizia Auriemma 2.1 Constitution and Confi guration of Polymer Chains
31 2.2 Conformation of Polymer Chains in Crystals and Conformational Polymorphism
33 2.3 Packing of Macromolecules in Polymer Crystals
43 2.4 Symmetry Breaking
49 2.5 Packing Effects on the Conformation of Polymer Chains in the Crystals: The Case of Aliphatic Polyamides
50 2.6 Defects and Disorder in Polymer Crystals
55 2.7 Crystal Habits
60 Acknowledgments
67 References
67 3 Structure of Polycrystalline Aggregates 73 Buckley Crist 3.1 Introduction
73 3.2 Crystals Grown from Solution
75 3.3 Crystals and Aggregates Grown from Molten Films
94 3.4 Spherulitic Aggregates
104 Acknowledgments
121 References
121 4 Polymer Nucleation 125 Kiyoka N. Okada and Masamichi Hikosaka 4.1 Introduction
126 4.2 Classical Nucleation Theory
126 4.3 Direct Observation of Nano-Nucleation by Synchrotron Radiation
128 4.4 Improvement of Nucleation Theory
135 4.5 Homogeneous Nucleation from the Bulk Melt under Elongational Flow
139 4.6 Heterogeneous Nucleation
148 4.7 Effect of Entanglement Density on the Nucleation Rate
156 4.8 Conclusion
160 Acknowledgments
161 References
161 5 Growth of Polymer Crystals 165 Kohji Tashiro 5.1 Introduction
165 5.2 Growth of Polymer Crystals from Solutions
167 5.3 Growth of Polymer Crystals from Melt
169 5.4 Crystallization Mechanism of Polymer
173 5.5 Microscopically Viewed Structural Evolution in the Growing Polymer Crystals
178 5.6 Crystallization upon Heating from the Glassy State
189 5.7 Crystallization Phenomenon Induced by Tensile Force
191 5.8 Photoinduced Formation and Growth of Polymer Crystals
191 5.9 Conclusion
192 References
193 6 Computer Modeling of Polymer Crystallization 197 Gregory C. Rutledge 6.1 Introduction
197 6.2 Methods
198 6.3 Single-Chain Behavior in Crystallization
202 6.4 Crystallization from the Melt
204 6.5 Crystallization under Deformation or Flow
208 6.6 Concluding Remarks
210 References
211 7 Overall Crystallization Kinetics 215 Ewa Piorkowska and Andrzej Galeski 7.1 Introduction
215 7.2 Measurements
216 7.3 Simulation
217 7.4 Theories: Isothermal and Nonisothermal Crystallization
218 7.5 Complex Crystallization Conditions: General Models
224 7.6 Factors Influencing the Overall Crystallization Kinetics
224 7.7 Analysis of Crystallization Data
230 7.8 Conclusions
233 References
234 8 Epitaxial Crystallization of Polymers: Means and Issues 237 Annette Thierry and Bernard A. Lotz 8.1 Introduction and History
237 8.2 Means of Investigation of Epitaxial Crystallization
239 8.3 Epitaxial Crystallization of Polymers
241 8.4 Epitaxial Crystallization: Further Issues and Examples
252 8.5 Epitaxial Crystallization: Some Issues and Applications
256 8.6 Conclusions
260 References
262 9 Melting 265 Marek Pyda 9.1 Introduction to the Melting of Polymer Crystals
265 9.2 Parameters of the Melting Process
267 9.3 Change of Conformation
268 9.4 Heat of Fusion and Degree of Crystallinity
270 9.5 Equilibrium Melting
274 9.6 Other Factors Affecting the Melting Process of Polymer Crystals
277 9.7 Irreversible and Reversible Melting
282 9.8 Conclusions
284 References
285 10 Crystallization of Polymer Blends 287 Mariano Pracella 10.1 General Introduction
287 10.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends
288 10.3 Miscible Polymer Blends
290 10.4 Immiscible Polymer Blends
303 10.5 Compatibilized Polymer Blends
307 10.6 Polymer Blends with Liquid-Crystalline Components
314 10.7 Concluding Remarks
320 Abbreviations
321 References
322 11 Crystallization in Copolymers 327 Sheng Li and Richard A. Register 11.1 Introduction
327 11.2 Crystallization in Statistical Copolymers
328 11.3 Crystallization of Block Copolymers from Homogeneous or Weakly Segregated Melts
340 11.4 Summary
343 References
344 12 Crystallization in Nano-Confi ned Polymeric Systems 347 Alejandro J. Müller
Maria Luisa Arnal
and Arnaldo T. Lorenzo 12.1 Introduction
347 12.2 Confined Crystallization in Block Copolymers
348 12.3 Crystallization of Droplet Dispersions and Polymer Layers
361 12.4 Polymer Blends
368 12.5 Modeling of Confi ned Crystallization of Macromolecules
371 12.6 Conclusions
372 References
372 13 Crystallization in Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites 379 Ewa Piorkowska 13.1 Introduction
379 13.2 Microcomposites with Particulate Fillers
380 13.3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites
382 13.4 Modeling of Crystallization in Fiber-Reinforced Composites
385 13.5 Nanocomposites
388 13.6 Conclusions
393 Appendix
393 References
394 14 Flow-Induced Crystallization 399 Gerrit W.M. Peters
Luigi Balzano
and Rudi J.A. Steenbakkers 14.1 Introduction
399 14.2 Shear-Induced Crystallization
401 14.3 Crystallization during Drawing
407 14.4 Models of Flow-Induced Crystallization
410 14.5 Concluding Remarks
426 References
427 15 Crystallization in Processing Conditions 433 Jean-Marc Haudin 15.1 Introduction
433 15.2 General Effects of Processing Conditions on Crystallization
433 15.3 Modeling
440 15.4 Crystallization in Some Selected Processes
442 15.5 Conclusion
458 References
459 Index 463