This book is the result of a study involving the State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), through the Postgraduate Programme in Modelling in Earth and Environmental Sciences (PPGM), and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Studies on Health Inequalities (NUDES). It presents an assessment of homicide mortality in the two largest cities in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between 2001 and 2016, according to race/skin colour, using the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) indicator and time trend analysis for the municipalities in the study, using the linear regression model with the Prais-Winsten (PW) correction. It is hoped that this study will provide an update on the homicide mortality scenario, contribute to reflections on the subject, overcome social inequalities in health and encourage prevention in order to bring about changes in the youth mortality scenario in the country.