Ali Chowdhury, Don Koval

Power Distribution System Reliability

Practical Methods and Applications

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A practical, hands-on approach to power distribution system reliability As power distribution systems age, the frequency and duration of consumer interruptions will increase significantly. Now more than ever, it is crucial for students and professionals in the electrical power industries to have a solid understanding of designing the reliable and cost-effective utility, industrial, and commercial power distribution systems needed to maintain life activities (e.g., computers, lighting, heating, cooling, etc.). This books fills the void in the literature by providing readers with everything they need to know to make the best design decisions for new and existing power distribution systems, as well as to make quantitative "cost vs. reliability" trade-off studies. Topical coverage includes: * Engineering economics * Reliability analysis of complex network configurations * Designing reliability into industrial and commercial power systems * Application of zone branch reliability methodology * Equipment outage statistics * Deterministic planning criteria * Customer interruption for cost models for load-point reliability assessment * Isolation and restoration procedures * And much more Each chapter begins with an introduction and ends with a conclusion and a list of references for further reading. Additionally, the book contains actual utility and industrial power system design problems worked out with real examples, as well as additional problem sets and their solutions. Power Distribution System Reliability is essential reading for practicing engineers, researchers, technicians, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electrical power industries.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons / Wiley
• Seitenzahl: 560
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. April 2009
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 34mm
• Gewicht: 991g
• ISBN-13: 9780470292280
• ISBN-10: 0470292288
• Artikelnr.: 26180827

Autorenporträt

ALI A. CHOWDHURY, PhD, FIEEE, is Director of Regional Transmission for the California Independent System Operator. He has nearly thirty years of experience in teaching, research and development, electric utility industry, electric equipment manufacturing, and consulting in power system reliability and security assessments. DON O. KOVAL, PhD, FIEEE, is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Alberta, Canada. Previously, he worked as a distribution special studies engineer for B.C. Hydro and Power Authority in Vancouver and as a subtransmission design engineer for Saskatchewan Power.

Inhaltsangabe

Preface. 1 OUTLINE OF THE BOOK. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Reliability
Assessment of Power Systems. 1.3 Organization of the Chapters. 1.4
Conclusions. References. 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS. 2.1
Concept of Frequency. 2.2 Important Parameters of Frequency Distribution.
2.3 Theory of Probability. 2.4 Probability Distribution Model. 2.5 Sampling
Theory. 2.6 Statistical Decision Making. 2.7 Conclusions. References. 3
RELIABILITY PRINCIPLES. 3.1 Failure Rate Model. 3.2 Concept of Reliability
of Population. 3.3 Mean Time to Failures. 3.4 Reliability of Complex
Systems. 3.5 Standby System Modeling. 3.6 Concepts of Availability and
Dependability. 3.7 Reliability Measurement. 3.8 Conclusions. References. 4
APPLICATIONS OF SIMPLE RELIABILITY MODELS. 4.1 Equipment Failure Mechanism.
4.2 Availability of Equipment. 4.3 Oil Circuit Recloser (OCR) Maintenance
Issues. 4.4 Distribution Pole Maintenance Practices. 4.5 Procedures for
Ground Testing. 4.6 Insulators Maintenance. 4.7 Customer Service Outages.
4.8 Conclusions. References. 5 ENGINEERING ECONOMICS. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2
Concept of Interest and Equivalent. 5.3 Common Terms. 5.4 Formulas for
Computing Interest. 5.5 Annual Cost. 5.6 Present Value (PV) Concept. 5.7
Theory of Rate of Return. 5.8 Cost-Benefit Analysis Approach. 5.9 Financial
Risk Assessment. 5.10 Conclusions. References. 6 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF
COMPLEX NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 State Enumeration
Methodologies. 6.3 Network Reduction Methods. 6.4 Bayes. Theorem in
Reliability. 6.5 Construction of Fault Tree Diagram. 6.6 The Application of
Conditional Probability Theory to System Operating Configurations. 6.7
Conclusions. References. 7 DESIGNING RELIABILITY INTO INDUSTRIAL AND
COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Example 1: Simple Radial
Distribution System. 7.3 Example 2: Reliability Analysis of a Primary
Selective System to the 13.8 kV Utility Supply. 7.4 Example 3: A Primary
Selective System to the Load Side of a 13.8 kV Circuit Breaker. 7.5 Example
4: Primary Selective System to the Primary of the Transformer. 7.6 Example
5: A Secondary Selective System. 7.7 Example 6: A Simple Radial System with
Spares. 7.8 Example 7: A Simple Radial System with Cogeneration. 7.9
Reliability Evaluation of Miscellaneous System Configurations. 7.10
Conclusions. References. 8 ZONE BRANCH RELIABILITY METHODOLOGY. 8.1
Introduction. 8.2 Zone Branch Concepts. 8.3 Industrial System Study. 8.4
Application of Zone Branch Methodology: Case Studies. .4.5 Case 5: Design
.E.--Dual Supply Primary Selective. 8.4.6 Case 6: Design .F.--Double
Bus/Double Breaker Radial. 8.4.7 Case 7: Design .G.--Double Bus/Double
Breaker Loop. 8.4.8 Case 8: Design .H.--Double Bus/Breaker Primary
Selective. 8.5 Conclusions. References. 9 EQUIPMENT OUTAGE STATISTICS. 9.1
Introduction. 9.2 Interruption Data Collection Scheme. 9.3 Typical
Distribution Equipment Outage Statistics. 9.4 Conclusions. References. 10
HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Automatic Outage Management
System. 10.3 Historical Assessment. 10.4 Crew Center-Level Analysis. 10.5
Development of a Composite Index for Reliability Performance Analysis at
the Circuit Level. 10.6 Conclusions. References. 11 DETERMINISTIC CRITERIA.
11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Current Distribution Planning and Design Criteria.
11.3 Reliability Cost Versus Reliability Benefit Trade-Offs in Distribution
System Planning. 11.4 Alternative Feed Requirements for Overhead
Distribution Systems. 11.5 Examples of Deterministic Planning Guidelines
for Alternative Feed Requirements. 11.6 Value-Based Alternative Feeder
Requirements Planning. 11.7 Conclusions. References. 12 IMPORTANT FACTORS
RELATED TO DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Relevant Issues
and Factors in Establishing Distribution Reliability Standards. 12.3
Performance Indices at Different System Levels of a Utility. 12.4
Performance Indices for Different Utility Types. 12.5 Conclusions.
References. 13 STANDARDS FOR REREGULATED DISTRIBUTION UTILITY. 13.1
Introduction. 13.2 Cost of Service Regulation versus Performance-Based
Regulation. 13.3 A Reward/Penalty Structure in the Performance-Based Rates.
13.4 Historical SAIFI and SAIDI Data and their Distributions. 13.5
Computation of System Risks Based on Historical Reliability Indices. 13.6
Cause Contributions to SAIFI and SAIDI Indices. 13.7 Conclusions.
References. 14 CUSTOMER INTERRUPTION COST MODELS FOR LOAD POINT RELIABILITY
ASSESSMENT. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Customer Interruption Cost. 14.3 Series
and Parallel System Model Equations. 14.4 Dedicated Distribution Radial
Feeder Configuration. 14.5 Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration Serving
Multiple Customers. 14.6 Distribution Radial Feeder Configuration Serving
Multiple Customers with Manual Sectionalizing. 14.7 Distribution Radial
Feeder Configuration Serving Multiple Customers with Automatic
Sectionalizing. 14.8 Distribution System Looped Radial Feeders. 14.9
Conclusions. References. 15 VALUE-BASED PREDICTIVE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT.
15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Value-Based Reliability Planning. 15.3 Distribution
System Configuration Characteristics. 15.4 Case Studies. 15.5 Illustrative
Example System Problem and Its Reliability Calculations. 15.6 Conclusions.
References. 16 ISOLATION AND RESTORATION PROCEDURES. 16.1 Introduction.
16.2 Distribution System Characteristics. 16.3 Case Studies. 16.4 Major
Substation Outages. 16.5 Summary of Load Point Interruption Costs. 16.6
Conclusions. References. 17 MESHED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY. 17.1
Introduction. 17.2 Value-Based Reliability Assessment in a Deregulated
Environment. 17.3 The Characteristics of the Illustrative Urban
Distribution System. 17.4 Discussion of Results. 17.5 Feeder and
Transformer Loading Levels. 17.6 Bus and Feeder Tie Analysis. 17.7
Maintenance. 17.8 Feeders with Nonfused (Lateral) Three-Phase Branches.
17.9 Feeder Tie Placement. 17.10 Finding Optimum Section Length. 17.11
Feeder and Transformer Loading. 17.12 Feeder Tie Cost Calculation. 17.13
Effects of Tie Maintenance. 17.14 Additional Ties for Feeders with
Three-Phase Branches. 17.15 Conclusions. References. 18 RADIAL FEEDER
RECONFIGURATION ANALYSIS. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Predictive Feeder
Reliability Analysis. 18.3 Reliability Data and Assumptions. 18.4
Reliability Assessment for an Illustrative Distribution Feeder. 18.5
Alternative Improvement Options Analysis. 18.6 Summary of the Illustrative
Feeder Reliability Performance Improvement Alternatives. 18.7 Conclusions.
References. 19 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Problem
Definition. 19.3 Illustrative Distribution System Configuration
Characteristics. 19.4 Reliability Assessment Model. 19.5 Discussion of
Results. 19.6 Conclusions. References. 20 MODELS FOR SPARE EQUIPMENT. 20.1
Introduction. 20.2 Development of Probabilistic Models for Determining
Optimal Number of Transformer Spares. 20.3 Optimal Transformer Spares for
Illustrative 72 kV Distribution Transformer Systems. 20.4 Conclusions.
References. 21 VOLTAGE SAGS AND SURGES AT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SITES.
21.1 Introduction. 21.2 ANSI/IEEE Standard 446--IEEE Orange Book. 21.3 IEEE
Standard 493-2007--IEEE Gold Book. 21.4 Frequency of Voltage Sags. 21.5
Example Voltage Sag Problem: Voltage Sag Analysis of Utility and Industrial
Distribution Systems. 21.6 Frequency and Duration of Voltage Sags and
Surges at Industrial Sites: Canadian National Power Quality Survey. 21.7
Scatter Plots of Voltage Sag Levels as a Function of Duration. 21.8 Scatter
Plots of Voltage Surge Levels as a Function of Duration. 21.9 Primary and
Secondary Voltage Sages Statistical Characteristics. 21.10 Primary and
Secondary Voltage Surges Statistical Characteristics. 21.11 Conclusions.
References. SELECTED PROBLEMS AND ANSWERS. Index.