Analysis of scientific and technological development processes shows that human capital is emerging as the most important factor for sustainable development and economic growth. If GDP growth is not invested in the creation of human capital, in improving the quality of life, in education and health, then it will be impossible to increase productivity, to move to an economy innovative.Therefore, five "i" (5i - innovation, investment, infrastructure, institutions, intelligence) and five "e" (5 e - economy, education, employment, energy, trade) are absolutely necessary for the development of Africa. But all are gathered in a socioeconomic category: national human capital, without fundamental improvement in quality and efficiency that no letter of the alphabet can cope with, especially with the two letters with multiple values such as "i " summer".Greater investments are needed in the development of human capital in countries with transition economies, in parallel with the fight against corruption, nepotism and crime.