Data security has consistently been a major issue in information technology. In cloud computing environments, this is very critical because data is located in different places around the world. Data security and privacy protection are the two main areas of consumer concerns about cloud security. Although many technologies in the field of cloud computing have been researched by academics and industry, data security and privacy protection are critical to the future development of cloud computing technology in government, industry, and business. Data security and privacy protection issues are related to both hardware and software in the cloud architecture. This study aims to review various security technologies and challenges from software and hardware aspects to protect data in the cloud and to improve data security and privacy protection for trusted cloud environments. In this paper, we will conduct a comparative research analysis of existing research on data security and privacy protection methods used in cloud computing.