Charles P Nemeth

Private Security and the Investigative Process, Fourth Edition

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Private Security and the Investigative Process, Fourth Edition targets those students in the early phases of their study of private sector justice and the principles of investigative practice most relevant to the private security industry. The book lays out not only the basic steps taken by entry level as well advanced security professionals conducting investigations, but also provides an overview of the professional security industry and landscape as a whole.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Taylor and Francis
• 4th edition
• Seitenzahl: 434
• Erscheinungstermin: 11. September 2019
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 257mm x 180mm x 30mm
• Gewicht: 998g
• ISBN-13: 9781138489646
• ISBN-10: 1138489646
• Artikelnr.: 57733318

Autorenporträt

Charles P. Nemeth, Chair and Professor in the Department of Protection Management at John Jay College since 2011, has spent the vast majority of his professional life in the study and practice of law and justice. A recognized expert on ethics and the legal system, appellate legal practice and private-sector justice, he also is a prolific writer, having published numerous texts and articles on law and justice throughout his impressive career. His most recent work includes three titles: Criminal Law (Prentice Hall, 2003), Law & Evidence: A Primer for Criminal Justice, Criminology, Law, and Legal Studies (Prentice Hall, 2001) and Aquinas in the Courtroom (Greenwood and Praeger Publishing, 2001). Dr. Nemeth is a recognized scholar in the world of private security. His Private Security and the Law, third edition (Butterworth/Elsevier 2005) is regarded as a treatise on the subject. In addition, his Private Security and Investigative Process (Butterworth/Elsevier 1999) is deemed required reading for security practitioners. An educator for more than 30 years, Nemeth's distinctive career in criminal justice is founded on an exemplary education, including a Master of Laws from George Washington University, a Juris Doctor from the University of Baltimore, and a Master of Arts and Ph.D. from Duquesne University. In addition, he was awarded a M.S. from Niagara University and received an undergraduate degree from the University of Delaware. He holds memberships in the New York, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania Bars. At John Jay University, Dr. Nemeth is Chair and Professor in the Department of Protection Management as well as Director, Center for Private Security and Safety. His previous academic appointments include Niagara University (1977-1980), the University of Baltimore (1980-1981), Glassboro State College (1981-1986), Waynesburg College (1988-1998), and the State University of New York at Brockport (1998-2003), California University - Pittsburgh (2003-2011).

Inhaltsangabe

Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................
xiii
Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................xv
Author
Bio.......................................................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Private Security Industry and the
Investigative Process................1
1.1 The Private Security Industry: Overview and
Context......................................1
1.1.1 The Contemporary State of Private
Security........................................1
1.1.2 Classifications and Functions of the Private Security
Industry............3
1.2 The Private Security Industry and
Privatization................................................4
1.3 The Role of Private Security and the Investigative
Process............................. 11
1.3.1 Investigative Activities Commonly Encountered by
Private
Security...................................................................................
14
1.4 Conclusion and Final
Thoughts........................................................................
17
Notes............................................................................................................................
19
Chapter 2 General Characteristics of a Competent
Investigator..................................................23
2.1
Introduction......................................................................................................23
2.2 A Private versus Public
Mentality....................................................................23
2.2.1 Objectivity and Investigative
Practice.................................................26
2.2.2 Logic and Investigative
Practice.........................................................27
2.2.3 Perseverance, Diligence, and Investigative
Practice...........................29
2.3 Human Relations Skills and Investigative
Practice.......................................... 31
2.4 Ethics and the Investigative
Process................................................................ 33
Notes............................................................................................................................
43
Chapter 3 Interview and Case
Evaluation....................................................................................
47
3.1 Introduction: The Interview and the
Investigator............................................. 47
3.2 Initial
Interview................................................................................................48
3.2.1 Initial Interview: Administrative
Requirements.................................49
3.2.1.1 Authorization and
Release...................................................50
3.2.1.2 Interview Information or Fact
Sheets.................................. 51
3.2.1.3 Follow-Up
Letter................................................................. 71
3.2.2 Recording Interview
Impressions....................................................... 74
3.3 Case Evaluation and Subsequent
Interviews.................................................... 75
Notes............................................................................................................................
79
Chapter 4 Witness Testimony and Evidence in the Private Security
Industry............................ 81
4.1 The Purpose of
Witnesses................................................................................
81
4.2 Types of
Witnesses...........................................................................................82
4.2.1 Missing or Unknown
Witnesses..........................................................82
4.2.2 Lay
Witnesses......................................................................................83
4.2.3 Expert
Witnesses.................................................................................85
4.2.3.1 Qualifications of the
Expert.................................................85
4.2.3.2 Sources of Expert
Witnesses...............................................93
4.2.3.3 Expert Service
Contracts.....................................................94
4.2.4 Character
Witnesses............................................................................96
4.3 Processing
Witnesses.......................................................................................96
4.4
Conclusion........................................................................................................99
Notes............................................................................................................................99
Chapter 5 Collection of
Information..........................................................................................
103
5.1 The Nature of Information and the Rules of
Collection................................ 103
5.2 Leads and Contacts for the Private
Investigator............................................. 106
5.3 Public Sources of
Information........................................................................
108
5.3.1 Federal
Agencies...............................................................................
110
5.3.2 State and Local
Agencies..................................................................
111
5.4 Private Sources of
Information......................................................................
113
5.4.1 Directories, Databases, and
Atlases.................................................. 113
5.4.1.1 Business
Databases............................................................ 115
5.4.1.2 Miscellaneous
Databases................................................... 115
5.4.2
Libraries............................................................................................
116
5.4.3
Newspapers.......................................................................................
117
5.4.4 The Internet and Web-Based
Searches............................................. 118
5.4.4.1 Social Media
Searches....................................................... 118
5.4.5 Professional Associations and
Groups.............................................. 118
5.4.6 Auto
Records.....................................................................................
119
5.5 The Background
Investigation........................................................................
119
5.6 Real Property Title
Search.............................................................................
122
5.7
Conclusion......................................................................................................
125
Notes..........................................................................................................................
125
Chapter 6 Collection of Evidence and Preservation of the
Scene............................................. 129
6.1 Investigative Technique: Initial Scene
Visitation........................................... 129
6.2 Investigative Technique: Preliminary Evidence Collection
Strategies.......... 133
6.3 Investigative Technique: Scene Sketches and Other Graphic
Portrayals....... 144
6.3.1 Rules for
Sketching...........................................................................
144
6.3.2 Rules for
Measuring..........................................................................
147
6.4 Investigative Technique: Photographic
Evidence........................................... 148
6.4.1 Location of Crime
Scene...................................................................
150
6.4.2 Photography and Special
Applications............................................. 150
6.4.2.1 Vehicular Accidents and Related Auto Claims................. 150
6.4.2.2 Bodily Injuries and Photographic Method........................ 154
6.4.2.3 Arson/Insurance Fraud and Photographic Evidence......... 156
6.4.2.4 Burglary/Criminal Trespass/Forcible Theft and
Photographic Evidence......................................................
156
6.4.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Photographic Evidence...... 157
6.5 Investigative Technique: Documentary
Evidence.......................................... 159
6.5.1 Police
Records...................................................................................
159
6.5.1.1 Alcohol or Chemical
Reports............................................ 159
6.5.1.2 Accident
Reports............................................................... 159
6.5.1.3 Domestic Relations Documentation..................................
159
6.5.1.4 Radio
Logs.........................................................................
159
6.5.1.5 Arrest
Reports-Narcotics................................................ 159
6.5.1.6 Violence in the
Workplace................................................. 159
6.5.1.7 Missing Person
Reports..................................................... 163
6.5.1.8 Disposition
Sheets.............................................................. 163
6.5.1.9 Suspect
Descriptions.......................................................... 163
6.6 Investigative Technique: Medical
Records..................................................... 167
6.7 Investigative Technique: Records Involving Economic
Damages................. 173
6.8 Investigative Technique: Preservation of
Evidence........................................ 175
6.9
Conclusion......................................................................................................
182
Notes..........................................................................................................................
183
Chapter 7 Surveillance
Techniques...........................................................................................
187
7.1 Purposes and
Functions..................................................................................
187
7.2 Tactics and Strategy in
Surveillance..............................................................
189
7.2.1 What Are the Steps of
Surveillance?................................................ 189
7.2.2 The Precise Objective of
Surveillance.............................................. 191
7.2.3 The Location of
Surveillance............................................................
192
7.2.4 Time of
Surveillance.........................................................................
192
7.2.5 The Subject or Target of
Surveillance............................................... 192
7.3 Surveillance: Preparatory
Steps.....................................................................
194
7.3.1 Personal Behavior and
Attire............................................................ 194
7.3.2 Surveillance
Equipment....................................................................
194
7.3.2.1 CCTV
Equipment.............................................................. 195
7.3.2.2 Photographic/Video
Equipment........................................ 197
7.4 Types of
Surveillance.....................................................................................200
7.4.1 Stationary
Surveillance.....................................................................
201
7.4.2 Moving
Surveillance.........................................................................
201
7.4.2.1 Foot
Surveillance...............................................................
201
7.4.2.2 Auto
Surveillance..............................................................204
7.4.3 Hybrid and Other Special Surveillance
Techniques......................... 212
7.4.3.1 Foot and Auto
Surveillance............................................... 212
7.4.3.2 Surveillance at Bus
Stops.................................................. 213
7.4.3.3 Use of
Pretext.....................................................................
213
7.5 Surveillance Forms and
Reports....................................................................
216
7.6
Conclusion......................................................................................................220
Notes..........................................................................................................................
221
Chapter 8 Report
Writing...........................................................................................................223
8.1
Introduction....................................................................................................223
8.1.1 Report Writing Promotes Efficiency in the Investigative
Process.......223
8.1.2 Reports and
Memory.........................................................................224
8.1.3 Investigative Reports and Organizational
Method............................224
8.1.4 Investigative Reports as Proof of Services
Rendered.......................225
8.2 Investigative Report Writing: Standards for
Authorship................................225
8.2.1 Investigative Field Notes: A Preliminary
Step..................................226
8.2.2 The Essential Qualities of an Investigative Report:
Accurate, Brief, and
Complete..........................................................227
8.2.3 Investigative Report
Design..............................................................229
8.3 Standard Reports for the Private
Investigator................................................ 231
8.3.1 Investigative Activity
Reports........................................................... 232
8.3.1.1 Daily
Reports.....................................................................
232
8.3.1.2 Review
Reports..................................................................
232
8.3.1.3 Patrol and Observation
Reports......................................... 232
8.3.1.4 Surveillance
Reports.......................................................... 232
8.3.1.5 Missing Person
Reports..................................................... 232
8.3.1.6 Undercover Investigation
Reports.....................................238
8.3.1.7 Bomb Search
Reports........................................................238
8.3.1.8 Inspection
Reports.............................................................238
8.3.1.9 Security Incident
Reports.................................................. 239
8.3.1.10 Investigative
Reports......................................................... 239
8.3.1.11 Traffic
Reports...................................................................248
8.3.1.12 Property
Reports................................................................248
8.3.1.13 Basic Security
Survey........................................................249
8.3.2 Major Criminal
Documentation........................................................ 253
8.3.2.1 The Offense
Report........................................................... 253
8.3.2.2 Arrest
Report.....................................................................254
8.3.2.3 Defendant's
Statement.......................................................254
8.4
Conclusion......................................................................................................
259
Notes..........................................................................................................................
259
Chapter 9 Investigative Method and Technique: Theft/Property
Offenses............................... 261
9.1
Introduction....................................................................................................
261
9.2 Shoplifting and Retail
Theft...........................................................................264
9.2.1 Rationalizations and Justifications for Shoplifting and
Retail
Theft.......................................................................................264
9.2.2 Shoplifting
Methods..........................................................................265
9.2.3 Shoplifting
Identification...................................................................
267
9.2.4 Shoplifting
Investigation...................................................................268
9.3 Internal Theft by
Employees..........................................................................269
9.3.1 Reasons and Rationales for Internal
Theft........................................ 270
9.3.2 Theft
Strategies.................................................................................
271
9.3.3 Investigating
Theft............................................................................
272
9.3.4 Obtaining Confessions or
Statements............................................... 273
9.4 Burglary and the Private
Investigator.............................................................
275
9.5 Defensive Techniques to Minimize Property Losses from
Theft and
Burglary.........................................................................................282
9.5.1 Tactics and
Strategies........................................................................282
9.5.1.1 Site Security Surveys and Their Application....................282
9.5.1.2 Determining Organizational Characteristics.....................282
9.5.1.3 Theft
Tests.........................................................................282
9.6 Missing or Stolen
Property.............................................................................
291
9.7
Conclusion......................................................................................................
295
Notes..........................................................................................................................295
Chapter 10 Investigative Method and Technique: Insurance
Cases............................................299
10.1
Introduction....................................................................................................299
10.2 Investigative Application and Method in Specific
Cases...............................300
10.2.1 Insurance Property Claims in Fire and
Arson..................................300
10.2.2 Workers'
Compensation....................................................................309
10.2.3 Disability
Claims..............................................................................
316
10.2.4 Auto Liability
Claims........................................................................
317
10.2.4.1 Policy
Declaration.............................................................
318
10.2.4.2 Processing the Auto Liability
Case................................... 320
10.3 Special Problems: Auto Theft, Fraud, and Parts
Pilferage............................ 328
10.3.1 Auto Identification
Systems.............................................................. 331
10.3.1.1 VIN
Systems......................................................................
331
10.3.1.2
Parts...................................................................................
332
10.4
Conclusion......................................................................................................
333
Notes..........................................................................................................................
333
Chapter 11 Investigative Method and Technique: Background
Investigations............................ 337
11.1
Introduction....................................................................................................
337
11.2 Background Investigation
Basics....................................................................
339
11.3 Background
Issues..........................................................................................
342
11.3.1 Establishing
Identity..........................................................................344
11.3.2 Employment
History.........................................................................
350
11.3.3 Credit
History....................................................................................
354
11.4 Alternative Methods of Background
Review.................................................365
11.4.1
References.........................................................................................365
11.4.2 Consultative
Services........................................................................368
11.4.3 The Polygraph
Test............................................................................369
11.5 Comprehensive Background
Report...............................................................369
11.6
Conclusion......................................................................................................
375
Notes..........................................................................................................................
375
Chapter 12 The Security Office: Administrative
Issues.............................................................. 379
12.1 Some General Principles of Office
Administration....................................... 379
12.2 Timekeeping
Methods....................................................................................
381
12.3 The Value of Administrative
Documents....................................................... 382
12.3.1 Software
Considerations...................................................................
385
12.4 Filing
Systems................................................................................................
388
12.4.1 Setup and
Maintenance.....................................................................
388
12.4.2 Tickler
Files.......................................................................................390
12.4.3 Software
Considerations...................................................................
392
12.5
Billing.............................................................................................................
392
12.5.1 Software
Considerations...................................................................404
12.6
Conclusion......................................................................................................407
Notes..........................................................................................................................407
Index...............................................................................................................................................409