The main theme of this thesis is the existence and properties of Galois extensions of algebraic number fields with Galois group isomorphic to the additive group of p-adic integers, in short procyclic extensions. However, extensions with non-abelian pro-p-groups as Galois groups are also considered. The connection between procyclic extensions and Leopoldt's Conjecture is discussed. The notion of p-rationality is defined, and the classification of 2-rational imaginary quadratic fields is given, apparently for the first time (correctly).