Production of short anticancer or antiviral peptides in recombinant form is an alternative method for costly chemical manufacturing. However, the limitations of host toxicity, bioactivity and column purification have impaired production in mass quantities. This book illustrates new data on the mass production of short anticancer and antiviral peptides as inclusion bodies in E. coli by fusion with a central protein that has similar activity. The anticancer peptide-fusion protein is biologically active against cancer cells compared with normal cells and enhanced the activity and selective delivery of an anticancer chemotherapy agent. The data showed considerable inhibition of the peptide-fusion protein against viral binding and proliferating stages into the target cells.