Microorganisms play a vital role for the production of various foods of man. Metabolic activity of these microorganism helps in the process of production of foods. Microorganisms help in several industries like food industries, health care industry. Hormones, Vitamins, Vaccines are also manufactured from microorganisms. They also used in Recombinant technology, cell fusion technology etc. In recent years the role of microorganisms in various industries issue has been found a major importance and there are potentials for future development. Hence the branch fermentation technology developed into an independent modern branch of science.