Organizations and Manufacturing firms should find a way for integration of their techniques, procedures, inputs, materials, capital and their overall resources in order to have greater output and to stay competitive. This is mainly achieved through increment in productivity, hence, productivity is a big issue for firms particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this book focuses on assessment, analysis and improvement the productivity practice of Ethiopian metal industries. The study is conducted by considering the major productivity elements, determining factors, industry practices, case company real time data and productivity analysis techniques. The study identifies the critical problems and proposes a productivity improvement method. It also suggests possible improvement directions towards low productivity. To undertake this research, primary and secondary data were collected through a survey questionnaire, interviews and field visit/ physical observation in the case company as well as referring company records.