Proinsulin
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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cell of the islets of Langerhans. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the INS gene. Proinsulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is folded and its disulfide bonds are oxidized. It is then transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is packaged into secretory vesicles, and where it is processed by a series of proteases to form mature insulin. Mature insulin has 39 fewer amino acids;…mehr

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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cell of the islets of Langerhans. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the INS gene. Proinsulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is folded and its disulfide bonds are oxidized. It is then transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is packaged into secretory vesicles, and where it is processed by a series of proteases to form mature insulin. Mature insulin has 39 fewer amino acids; 4 are removed altogether, and the remaining 35 form the C-peptide. The C-peptide is abstracted from the center of the proinsulin sequence; the two other ends (the B chain and A chain) remain connected by disulfide bonds. When insulin was originally purified from bovine or porcine pancreata, all the proinsulin was not fully removed.