The musical literacy of a society is the product of a profound, programmed and long-lasting musical education. The great musical geniuses of the countries of Northern and Eastern Europe are not a fortuitous and isolated event, but are the result of previous work from school, in a compulsory and continuous way, and the product of centuries of musical culture. I believe that research work in music education is necessary in order to promote literacy. The present work is based on the implicit conceptions about the value of music assumed by the majority of the population and which have led to failures, abandonment and frustrations of both amateurs and students. The work attempts to highlight the situation of Music Education in Spain and proposes a programme as an alternative to the system currently in place. A bibliographical review has been carried out showing the empirical evidence of some of the latest discoveries in neuroscience, data on the history of Music Education in Spain, current legislation and study plans of some of the most representative countries.