It has been two decades since the discovery of statins that the time has come for a new avenue to substantially reduce cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Pending the discovery of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the era of the Human Genomic Project, PCSK9 quickly caught the attention of basic and clinical scientists in a fast forward translational bench to bedside venue. And thus, PCSK9 became that anticipated target for the development of new lipid lowering therapy. Despite the apparent safety of PCSK9 inhibition, there are still many concerns, since we are only starting to appreciate its global physiology. This book will be a comprehensive and detailed documentation covering the most recent advances and understandings of PCSK9 pleiotropic effects in many processes including cancer, viral infection, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism. It will assist newcomers to the field and aid scientists and professionals in the biomedical and drug industry to help grasp the bits and pieces surrounding the new roles and functions of PCSK9 in human.