With the needs of children and young people uppermost, this Conference focused on three main priority areas. The first was the progress and impact of the environment and health process, particularly in the countries of south-eastern and eastern Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia, and where further action is needed. The second priority area was socioeconomic, gender, age and other inequalities in environment and health, and the measures that can be taken to address them. The third priority area was the effects of climate change. The Conference participants discussed how to move the environment and health process forward in Europe, and in particular how to strengthen local and subregional implementation, and summed up their intent with the Parma Declaration.