P. Fürst / V.R. Young (eds.)

Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids in Enteral Nutrition

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This volume provides a comprehensive and objective survey of the physiology and nutritional biochemistry of dietary proteins, peptides and amino acids. Special attention is paid to their contributions to enteral nutrition and, particularly, to the part that these nutrients and substrates play in the nutritional support in various clinical settings. Having examined the new, exciting information about the role of the intestine in the utilization of proteins and their products of digestion, the focus turns to the consequences that catabolic stress and immunologic stimulation have on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the protein/amino acid metabolism. These aspects are considered with relation to the support of body protein and amino acid homeostasis and requirements in patients with injury, severe infection, gastrointestinal malfunction, cancers and renal disease. Finally, as there is clearly a knowledge gap in this area of clinical/enteral nutrition, the opportunities for future research are highlighted. Written by leading nutritional scientists and clinical investigators, this publication will help practitioners as well as clinical and basic scientists to understand the opportunities enteral nutrition offers in the clinical management of patients.

Produktdetails

• Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series Clinical & Performance Programme
• Verlag: Karger
• Seitenzahl: 284
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 240mm
• Gewicht: 750g
• ISBN-13: 9783805571081
• ISBN-10: 3805571089
• Artikelnr.: 27500181

Inhaltsangabe

1;Contents;6
2;Preface;8
3;Foreword;12
4;Contributors;14
5;Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids in Enteral Nutrition: Overview and Some Research Challenges;17
5.1;Urea Nitrogen Metabolism and the Bowel;21
5.2;Nonspecific Nitrogen;22
5.3;Intestinal Amino Acid Synthesis;24
5.4;Form and Pattern of the Protein and Amino Acid Supply;25
5.5;Sulfur Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism;29
5.6;Summary and Conclusion;32
5.7;Acknowledgement;32
5.8;References;32
5.9;Discussion;36
5.10;Reference;39
6;Role of the Gut in the Amino Acid Economy of the Host;41
6.1;Protein Digestibility and Amino Acid Bioavailability;41
6.2;Pathways of Amino Acid Utilization by the Intestine;44
6.3;Conclusion;52
6.4;Acknowledgements;53
6.5;References;53
6.6;Discussion;56
6.7;References;62
7;Regulation of Splanchnic Protein Synthesis by Enteral Feeding;63
7.1;Fasting State;64
7.2;Effects of Oral Feeding;68
7.3;References;72
7.4;Discussion;74
7.5;References;77
8;Mechanisms of Peptide and Amino Acid Transport and Their Regulation;79
8.1;Methods of Assessing Transport Mechanisms;80
8.2;Transporters and Transport Systems;84
8.3;Adaptation of Peptide and Amino Acid Transporters;88
8.4;References;92
8.5;Discussion;100
8.6;References;104
9;Nitrogen Trafficking and Recycling Through the Human Bowel;105
9.1;Quantitative Flow of Nitrogen;106
9.2;Qualitative Changes;107
9.3;Quantitative Considerations;112
9.4;Qualitative Considerations;115
9.5;Overall Balance of Amino Acids Required for Normal Metabolism;117
9.6;Conclusions and Implications;119
9.7;References;119
9.8;Discussion;121
10;Physicochemical Considerations of Protein Utilization;125
10.1;Molecular Structure of Food Proteins and Functionality;125
10.2;Food Structure and the Digestion Phase;128
10.3;Effect of Molecular Size;129
10.4;Slow and Rapid Proteins;132
10.5;Bioactive Proteins and Peptides;132
10.6;Chemical Form of Amino Acid Delivery;133
10.7;Conclusion;134
10.8;References;135
11;The Fast and Slow Protein Concept;137
11.1;Mechanisms of Nitrogen Gain During Feeding;137
11.2;What Factors Affect Postprandial Protein Gain?;138
11.3;How Can the Effect of the Time Course of Absorption be Studied?;140
11.4;Does the Rate of Absorption of Dietary Protein Affect Whole Body Protein Kinetics?;141
11.5;How Could the Effect of the Rate of Absorption of Dietary Protein on Protein Deposition be Explained?;145
11.6;Conclusions and Perspectives Raised by the Slow and Fast Protein Concept;145
11.7;Acknowledgments;146
11.8;References;146
11.9;Discussion;147
11.10;Reference;149
12;Postprandial Protein Utilization: Implications for Clinical Nutrition;151
12.1;The Metabolic Model;152
12.2;Measurement of Postprandial Protein Utilization from Leucine Balance;154
12.3;Effects of Meal Protein Concentration on Postprandial Protein Utilization;155
12.4;Effects of Age on Postprandial Protein Utilization;157
12.5;Effects of Meal Protein Quality on Postprandial Protein Utilization;160
12.6;Effects of Meal Size on Postprandial Protein Utilization;162
12.7;Factors Influencing Leucine Oxidation and Protein Utilization;165
12.8;Conclusions;166
12.9;Acknowledgments;166
12.10;References;167
12.11;Discussion;168
12.12;References;171
13;Catabolic States and Immune Dysfunction: Relation to Gastrointestinal Feeding;173
13.1;Metabolic Changes;173
13.2;Mucosal Changes with Lack of Enteral Feeding;174
13.3;Alterations in Permeability to Macromolecules and Bacteria;175
13.4;Normal Physiology of Mucosal Immunity;176
13.5;Surrogates of Enteral Feeding;182
13.6;References;184
13.7;Discussion;185
13.8;References;188
14;Cysteine and Glutathione in Catabolic States;189
14.1;Roles of Cysteine and its Metabolites;190
14.2;Cysteine Metabolism under Healthy Conditions;191
14.3;Modification of Cysteine Metabolism in Catabolic States;197
14.4;References;204
14.5;Discussion;207
14.6;References;212
15;Conditionally Indispensable Amino Acids (Glutamine, Cyst(e)ine, Tyrosine, Arg