The relevance of the proposed topic is determined by the role that conceptual thinking plays in solving the complex of social and individual psychological problems of a person. Within the framework of the proposed work, the main theoretical concepts of conceptual thinking were systematized, and its structure and psychological mechanisms were revealed during the experimental research. The factor analysis of dynamic thinking characteristics made it possible to track changes in the content and operational components of conceptual thinking at a certain age and educational level. Studying the process of conceptual thinking in this aspect gives new knowledge about the subject under study and allows to estimate not only the real level of students' thinking capabilities, but also to determine the perspective of further intellectual development of a personality. The monograph may be of interest to teachers of humanitarian faculties, practical psychologists, students of psychological and pedagogical specialties, as well as to specialists interested in the problems of personality development.