This book is designed for the comparative study of the teaching-learning process, the quality of education, academic results of primary education of Indonesia and Uzbekistan. Locating in the heart of Central Asia, Uzbekistan pays out an enormous portion of its budget and attention to compulsory education in the area. Meanwhile, public education is afflicted by several issues apart from excellence both in the teaching and learning process. Far in South-East Asia, Indonesia has made dramatic progress on expanding access to education over the last few decades but still, the pupil achievements remain low, however. This monograph tried to define the current circumstance of primary education and sought possible solutions for them. Through field surveys and data analysis methods used throughout the investigation. Found data shows that improper infrastructure of government expenditure on education, low salary, and limited quota in pedagogical universities lead to a shortage of teachers inhortage of teachers in rural areas.