Kenya is one of the nations in Africa with an ever increasing number of children living in vulnerable conditions. Despite many of these children being homeless and some under no care of adult guardians, a relatively small number of them have been lucky to be accommodated in various child care institutions. However, some of these institutions have been under sharp criticism with regard to the living conditions and the general environmental health issues the children are going through. This book therefore, highlights some of the public health concerns observed in selected child care institutions studied in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.