The main ideas and provisions of the monograph will expand the boundaries of interdisciplinary categorical complex of philosophy of science and theory of complexity and reach a transdisciplinary space, and may also have theoretical and methodological significance for teaching philosophy, philosophy of science, social philosophy, theory of complexity and synergy. The author expresses his deep gratitude to the doctor of philosophy, associate Professor I. A. Aseeva, whose support and mentoring have provided significant assistance in the preparation of This work, V. I. Arshinov and V. G. Budanov for the useful comments made by them in reviewing the manuscript of the monograph.