Based on his many years of professional experience at Marconi Ltd, one of the leading companies in communications technology, the author describes an analytical solution for wave propagation over the sea surface in an atmospheric boundary layer. His approach allows the detailed analysis of combined effects of diffraction, refraction and scattering in random media. While specific applications covered are targeted at radio wave propagation over the sea surface, a similar approach is applicable to many problems in underwater acoustics, seismology, solid matter physics and astrophysics.
Based on his many years of professional experience at Marconi Ltd, one of the leading companies in communications technology, the author describes an analytical solution for wave propagation over the sea surface in an atmospheric boundary layer. His approach allows the detailed analysis of combined effects of diffraction, refraction and scattering in random media. While specific applications covered are targeted at radio wave propagation over the sea surface, a similar approach is applicable to many problems in underwater acoustics, seismology, solid matter physics and astrophysics.
1 Introduction 1.1 The atmospheric boundary layer 1.2 Waveguides 1.2.1 Evaporation duct 1.2.2 Elevated M-inversion, tropospheric duct 1.3 Turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index 2 Mathematical methods for UHF wave propagation and scattering in the troposphere 2.1 Parabolic approximation to a wave equation for spherically stratified media filled with turbulent irregularities of the refractive index. 2.2 Green's function for a parabolic equation in a stratified troposphere 2.3 Feynman path integral for wave propagation in random media 3 Wave field fluctuations in random media over a boundary interface 3.1 Reflection formulas for the wave field in random media over an ideally reflective boundary 3.2 Wave field fluctuations over the surface with impedance boundary conditions 4 Radio wave propagation in the evaporation duct 4.1 Perturbation theory for the spectrum of normal waves in a non-uniform troposphere 4.2 Spectrum of the normal waves in evaporation duct 4.3 Coherence function of the wave field in a random non-uniform troposphere 4.4 Excitation of the wave of continuous spectrum in a evaporation duct with random inhomogeneities of the refractive index 5 Impact of elevated M-inversions on the UHF/EHF field propagation beyond the horizon 5.1 Spectrum of the normal waves for the wave field in the presence of elevated M-inversion 5.2 Interaction between evaporation duct and elevated M-inversion 5.3 Excitation of the normal waves in elevated duct due to a wave scattering on random inhomogeneities of the refractive index 6 Non-conventional propagation mechanisms 6.1 Impact from random stratification of the refractive index on the UHF signal level over horizon 6.2 Single-scattering theory of the diffracted field 7 Appendix: Airy Functions
1 Introduction 1.1 The atmospheric boundary layer 1.2 Waveguides 1.2.1 Evaporation duct 1.2.2 Elevated M-inversion, tropospheric duct 1.3 Turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index 2 Mathematical methods for UHF wave propagation and scattering in the troposphere 2.1 Parabolic approximation to a wave equation for spherically stratified media filled with turbulent irregularities of the refractive index. 2.2 Green's function for a parabolic equation in a stratified troposphere 2.3 Feynman path integral for wave propagation in random media 3 Wave field fluctuations in random media over a boundary interface 3.1 Reflection formulas for the wave field in random media over an ideally reflective boundary 3.2 Wave field fluctuations over the surface with impedance boundary conditions 4 Radio wave propagation in the evaporation duct 4.1 Perturbation theory for the spectrum of normal waves in a non-uniform troposphere 4.2 Spectrum of the normal waves in evaporation duct 4.3 Coherence function of the wave field in a random non-uniform troposphere 4.4 Excitation of the wave of continuous spectrum in a evaporation duct with random inhomogeneities of the refractive index 5 Impact of elevated M-inversions on the UHF/EHF field propagation beyond the horizon 5.1 Spectrum of the normal waves for the wave field in the presence of elevated M-inversion 5.2 Interaction between evaporation duct and elevated M-inversion 5.3 Excitation of the normal waves in elevated duct due to a wave scattering on random inhomogeneities of the refractive index 6 Non-conventional propagation mechanisms 6.1 Impact from random stratification of the refractive index on the UHF signal level over horizon 6.2 Single-scattering theory of the diffracted field 7 Appendix: Airy Functions
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