The proposed monograph was the result of a doctoral dissertation in political science dedicated to the analysis of the role of the railway complex in the political processes of the Russian state, which was defended by the author in 2010 at Lomonosov Moscow State University. The book deals with the problems of the location of the Russian railway complex in the domestic and foreign policy space of Russia, substantiates the key role of the railway factor in the processes of ensuring national security of modern Russian society and state. It analyzes the railway factor in the context of identifying the specifics and trends of the political process taking into account its historical, geopolitical, modernization, geo-economic and institutional parameters. The monograph may be intended for a wide range of readers, as well as researchers, university professors, government officials, corporate structures, postgraduate students and students.