Cotton is one of the major fiber crop of global significance. India is the only country in the world where all the four cultivated species are grown on a commercial scale, besides hybrids. Cotton in its various forms serves as raw material for more than 25 industries. Gujarat ranks first in cotton production and productivity, contributing nearly 35% of production from 24% area in the country. Adoption of advanced agronomic techniques like high-density planting systems, integrated nutrient management, irrigation management, moisture conservation techniques, land configuration techniques, integrated weed management, physiological manipulation, crop canopy management, intercropping, and multi-tier cropping system can increase seed cotton yield with high net monitory returns.