This unique volume provides self-contained accounts of some recent trends in Biostatistics methodology and their applications. It includes state-of-the-art reviews and original contributions. The articles included in this volume are based on a careful selection of peer-reviewed papers, authored by eminent experts in the field, representing a well balanced mix of researchers from the academia, R&D sectors of government and the pharmaceutical industry. The book is also intended to give advanced graduate students and new researchers a scholarly overview of several research frontiers in biostatistics, which they can use to further advance the field through development of new techniques and results.