The present book describes the chemistry of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and the related analogues. The synthetic routes reported to obtain the investigated structures are discussed. In addition the structure characterization, reactivity, synthesis of tricyclic, tetracyclic and polycyclic heterocyclic systems are discussed. The mechanistic pathways adopted to obtain the unexpected products are investigated. The compounds derived from 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene are located in the basic skeleton of several natural drugs. The products were applied in the fields of polymer chemistry, structure characterization, physical chemistry and medicinal chemistry. The different sections cover: the synthetic routes, reactions, synthesis of heterocyclic systems, synthesis of supramolecules, synthesis of organosilicon derivatives, coordination chemistry and synthetic applications.