This paper aims to analyse the role of economic activity in the market and in the social environment, based on the principles that govern the market, such as free enterprise and competition, in an attempt to guarantee consumers a higher quality of the products and services offered to them. It demonstrates the concept of what mineral water is, the requirements for acquiring a research authorisation and concession to exploit this resource, its proportion and finiteness in guaranteeing the water supply for a large part of society, the forms of pollution that make it unsuitable for consumption and the means of supervision by the state in the preservation of groundwater in order to ensure the right to an ecologically balanced environment and the dignity of the human person in terms of their physical and mental health for present and future generations.