BR 319 is a very important highway for the state of Amazonas and for the other states in the northern region, since the existence of this road directly influences the social, economic and environmental aspects of the region. Many people depend on this highway to move between Manaus and Porto Velho and, consequently, to connect to the rest of the country. This book analyzes the economic and social benefits of repaving BR 319 and its respective environmental consequences. On a preliminary level, it can be said that the reconstruction of the road will contribute to an increase in job creation and facilitate the flow of production, fostering regional development. This study also suggests that the reconstruction of the road will result in a reduction in the cost per kilometer traveled, resulting in a reduction in road freight and lower bus fares between Manaus and Porto Velho. However, the loss and degradation of natural habitats, the trampling of fauna, chemical pollution, anthropogenic invasion and the increase in violence were some of the negative impacts raised in this study.