This book deals with representations of black people in contemporary children's literature, considering some readings from the National School Library Programme (PNBE) collection in 2013 and aims to deepen knowledge on the subject, addressing Afro-descendant ethnic diversity as a contribution to Brazilian culture. The corpus of the research included ten children's literature books from the 2013 PNBE collection, aimed at primary school students. The selection of these works primarily considered those that deal with ethnic-racial themes, especially with regard to Africanness and blackness. Based on authors such as Stuart Hall, Kabengele Munanga, Nilma Lino Gomes and Manuel Jacinto Sarmento, who deal with the concepts of culture, identity, difference, blackness and childhood, the aforementioned works were analysed, which highlighted the importance of literature for the construction of identity and the cultural appreciation of black people, as well as its formative and educational nature for the exercise of citizenship and coexistence with diversity.