Reproductive health stands out from the general health problem by its socio-political significance. At the same time, the analysis of domestic and foreign literature shows that the protection of women's reproductive health is one of the most important medical and social problems of state importance, since women's reproductive health is the main potential for reproduction of the country's population, its demographic resource, without which neither economic nor social growth of the state is possible. Both physiological indicators of reproductive health and the nature of its disorders depend on the climatic, geographical and environmental conditions in which a woman lives, and on her ethnicity. The monograph contains scientific studies of ethnic peculiarities of reproductive health of Russian and Tajik women. The monograph is intended for doctors, physiologists, students of medical universities.