_ A simple and systematic guide to the planning and performance of investigations concerned with health and disease and with health care _ Offers researchers help in choosing a topic and to think about shaping objectives and ideas and to link these with the appropriate choice of method _ Fully updated with new sections on the use of the Web and computer programmes freely available in the planning, performance or analysis of studies
_ A simple and systematic guide to the planning and performance of investigations concerned with health and disease and with health care _ Offers researchers help in choosing a topic and to think about shaping objectives and ideas and to link these with the appropriate choice of method _ Fully updated with new sections on the use of the Web and computer programmes freely available in the planning, performance or analysis of studiesHinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
J.H. Abramson, Emeritus Professor of Social Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem. Author of five previous editions of the formerly titled Survey Methods in Community Medicine and Making Sense of Data with OUP. Z.H. Abramson, Beit Hakerem Community Clinic (Clalit Health Services) and Department of Family Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface vii 1. First steps 1 2. Types of investigation 13 3. Stages of an investigation 35 4. Formulating the objectives 39 5. The objectives of evaluative studies 49 6. The study population 61 7. Control groups 69 8. Sampling 77 9. Selecting cases and controls for case-control studies 91 10. The variables 101 11. Defining the variables 109 12. Definitions of diseases 117 13. Scales of measurement 125 14. Composite scales 133 15. Methods of collecting data 143 16. Reliability 151 17. Validity 161 18. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires 179 19. Constructing a questionnaire 193 20. Surveying the opinions of a panel: consensus methods 203 21. The use of documentary sources 209 22. Planning the records 225 23. Planning the handling of data 233 24. Pretests and other preparations 241 25. Collecting the data 247 26. Statistical analysis 251 27. Interpreting the findings 259 28. Making sense of associations 269 29. Application of the study findings 297 30. Writing a report 305 31. Rapid epidemiological methods 313 32. Clinical trials 325 33. Programme trials 345 34. Community-oriented primary care 357 35. Using the Web for health research 373 Appendix A Community appraisal: a checklist 383 Appendix B Random numbers 387 Appendix C Free computer programs 389 Index 407
Preface vii 1. First steps 1 2. Types of investigation 13 3. Stages of an investigation 35 4. Formulating the objectives 39 5. The objectives of evaluative studies 49 6. The study population 61 7. Control groups 69 8. Sampling 77 9. Selecting cases and controls for case-control studies 91 10. The variables 101 11. Defining the variables 109 12. Definitions of diseases 117 13. Scales of measurement 125 14. Composite scales 133 15. Methods of collecting data 143 16. Reliability 151 17. Validity 161 18. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires 179 19. Constructing a questionnaire 193 20. Surveying the opinions of a panel: consensus methods 203 21. The use of documentary sources 209 22. Planning the records 225 23. Planning the handling of data 233 24. Pretests and other preparations 241 25. Collecting the data 247 26. Statistical analysis 251 27. Interpreting the findings 259 28. Making sense of associations 269 29. Application of the study findings 297 30. Writing a report 305 31. Rapid epidemiological methods 313 32. Clinical trials 325 33. Programme trials 345 34. Community-oriented primary care 357 35. Using the Web for health research 373 Appendix A Community appraisal: a checklist 383 Appendix B Random numbers 387 Appendix C Free computer programs 389 Index 407
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