The dental pulp frequently succumbs to irreversible disease caused by caries, trauma, congenital abnormalities or consequences of previous dental procedures. Millions of such teeth are saved each year by root canal therapy. While this procedure is highly successful in many situations, teeth with immature apices present some specific challenges. Root canal instrumentation, disinfection and sealing are more technically difficult to perform in these circumstances. Furthermore, depending on the degree of root maturation, the thinroot canal walls can render the tooth weak and susceptible to fracture.