Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals that adversely affect the health of the biota throughout world. They can be transported and generated from one country to another by wind and water and get accumulated in the ecosystem. Almost daily, the media publish alarming reports arising from the dangerous situations causing the threat of POPs to our environment. These problems can only be solved by understanding the sound knowledge on the harmful effects of these xenobiotics to the environment and inturn adopting suitable feasible effective approach. The purpose of this book is to review the insecticide contamination profile of bed sediment associated within the Cochin Estuarine System, Kerala, India.