Few politicians can make a speech concerning economic policy without using the term "competitiveness." Yet, despite its frequent and casual use, there is little if any agreement on its meaning. Scholars have been slow to embrace the term, holding a healthy skepticism toward such political utterances. The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) brought together experts from a variety of fields to discuss the issue of competitiveness and how it may influence their disciplines. This volume is composed of nine prominent scholars' interpretations of and answers to the question: "If 'competitiveness'…mehr
Few politicians can make a speech concerning economic policy without using the term "competitiveness." Yet, despite its frequent and casual use, there is little if any agreement on its meaning. Scholars have been slow to embrace the term, holding a healthy skepticism toward such political utterances. The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) brought together experts from a variety of fields to discuss the issue of competitiveness and how it may influence their disciplines. This volume is composed of nine prominent scholars' interpretations of and answers to the question: "If 'competitiveness' were to have a rigorous and relevant meaning in your field, what might that be?" The conclusions these papers reach enrich the debate on what competitiveness is and how policymakers should strive to support it in the realms of tax policy, education policy, immigration, health care, international trade and much more.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Kevin A. Hassett is the director of economic policy studies and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI).
Inhaltsangabe
Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xiii 1. Rethinking Competitiveness, Kevin A. Hassett, R. Glenn Hubbard, and Matthew H. Jensen 1 Charles Tiebout, Foot Voting, and Competition among Localities 5 Tiebout and a New View of "Competitiveness" 17 Conclusion 23 Notes 23 References 24 2. Competitive Tax Policy, Joel Slemrod 32 What Exactly Is Competitiveness? 32 How Can Competitiveness Be Measured? 35 Taxation and Competitiveness 37 A Short Digression on Unpersuasive Economic Arguments 40 Business Taxation 42 International Considerations 49 The Corporate Tax and Prosperity: Facts and Evidence 53 Summary 62 Notes 63 References 65 3. Education and Global Competitiveness: Lessons for the United States from International Evidence, Martin West 68 Ranking the U.S. Education System: Quality and Quantity Indicators 72 The Economic Costs of Low-Quality Education 82 v vi Rethinking Competitiveness Policy Lessons 86 Notes 90 References 91 4. Immigration, Productivity, and Competitiveness in American Industry, Gordon H. Hanson 95 Immigration and Competitiveness in Theory 100 Empirical Evidence on Immigration and Competitiveness 106 U.S. Immigration Policy and American Competitiveness 122 Notes 128 References 129 5. The Role of Innovation and Intellectual Property in Economic Competition, Robert J. Shapiro 132 The Economic Value of Innovation 133 The Value of Intellectual Property Rights 135 How Innovations Diffuse across Economies 139 Competition: Efficiency versus Innovation 143 Conclusions 148 Notes 152 References 152 6. American Competitiveness and the Health Care System, Michael E. Chernew and Philip I. Levy 156 Productivity versus Competitiveness 159 The Health System's Effect on the Economy 169 Comparing International Health Approaches 178 Conclusions 187 Notes 188 References 189 7. Is the United States "Competitive" Internationally in Health Care? Benjamin Zycher 196 Some Conventional Wisdom on the U.S. Health Care System 197 Some International Evidence on Prices and Services 202 The Comparative Performance of the U.S. Health Care System 209 Concluding Observations 215 Notes 216 References 220 CONTENTS vii 8. G lobal Value Chains and the Continuing Case for Free Trade: Trade Theory and Illustrations from the United States and East Asia, Claude Barfield and Matthew Jensen 225 Two Unbundlings of Trade and Shifting Policy Implications 227 The First Unbundling and the Big Ideas of Trade Theory 228 The Second Great Unbundling 239 East Asian Fragmentation and Supply Chains: The Impact on Trade Data and Analysis 245 The United States and Global Supply Chains 260 Observations and Conclusions for Policy 268 Notes 270 References 273 9. International Competitiveness, Phillip Swagel 278 Uses and Meanings of "Competitiveness" 283 Capital Markets Competitiveness 293 Policy Appeals to Competitiveness 295 International Competitiveness in the Modern Vernacular 299 Notes 300 References 300 About the Authors 303
Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xiii 1. Rethinking Competitiveness, Kevin A. Hassett, R. Glenn Hubbard, and Matthew H. Jensen 1 Charles Tiebout, Foot Voting, and Competition among Localities 5 Tiebout and a New View of "Competitiveness" 17 Conclusion 23 Notes 23 References 24 2. Competitive Tax Policy, Joel Slemrod 32 What Exactly Is Competitiveness? 32 How Can Competitiveness Be Measured? 35 Taxation and Competitiveness 37 A Short Digression on Unpersuasive Economic Arguments 40 Business Taxation 42 International Considerations 49 The Corporate Tax and Prosperity: Facts and Evidence 53 Summary 62 Notes 63 References 65 3. Education and Global Competitiveness: Lessons for the United States from International Evidence, Martin West 68 Ranking the U.S. Education System: Quality and Quantity Indicators 72 The Economic Costs of Low-Quality Education 82 v vi Rethinking Competitiveness Policy Lessons 86 Notes 90 References 91 4. Immigration, Productivity, and Competitiveness in American Industry, Gordon H. Hanson 95 Immigration and Competitiveness in Theory 100 Empirical Evidence on Immigration and Competitiveness 106 U.S. Immigration Policy and American Competitiveness 122 Notes 128 References 129 5. The Role of Innovation and Intellectual Property in Economic Competition, Robert J. Shapiro 132 The Economic Value of Innovation 133 The Value of Intellectual Property Rights 135 How Innovations Diffuse across Economies 139 Competition: Efficiency versus Innovation 143 Conclusions 148 Notes 152 References 152 6. American Competitiveness and the Health Care System, Michael E. Chernew and Philip I. Levy 156 Productivity versus Competitiveness 159 The Health System's Effect on the Economy 169 Comparing International Health Approaches 178 Conclusions 187 Notes 188 References 189 7. Is the United States "Competitive" Internationally in Health Care? Benjamin Zycher 196 Some Conventional Wisdom on the U.S. Health Care System 197 Some International Evidence on Prices and Services 202 The Comparative Performance of the U.S. Health Care System 209 Concluding Observations 215 Notes 216 References 220 CONTENTS vii 8. G lobal Value Chains and the Continuing Case for Free Trade: Trade Theory and Illustrations from the United States and East Asia, Claude Barfield and Matthew Jensen 225 Two Unbundlings of Trade and Shifting Policy Implications 227 The First Unbundling and the Big Ideas of Trade Theory 228 The Second Great Unbundling 239 East Asian Fragmentation and Supply Chains: The Impact on Trade Data and Analysis 245 The United States and Global Supply Chains 260 Observations and Conclusions for Policy 268 Notes 270 References 273 9. International Competitiveness, Phillip Swagel 278 Uses and Meanings of "Competitiveness" 283 Capital Markets Competitiveness 293 Policy Appeals to Competitiveness 295 International Competitiveness in the Modern Vernacular 299 Notes 300 References 300 About the Authors 303
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