The articles included in two volumes of this book have been produced in the frame of the Fifth South-South Summer Institute on rethinking Development: Global and Regional Alternatives for the Development in the South which was held in the cadre of the Africa/Asia/Latin America Scholarly Collaborative Program. Rethinking development and the dilemmas confronted by the South in contemporary times is a crucial issue to create new thoughts in order to find solution for many vulnerable and critical social situations. The debate can be summarized in one grand question: what policy framework is required in order to return the countries of the South to the parth of development and what type of development agenda do these countries have to generate in order to achieve growth in a context that secures the livelihood opportunities and prospects of the citizenry? In this context, it is important to encourage the political and geo-strategic sources to South-South integration and cooperation schemes.