African literature is a literature of testimony. It gives an account of the problems and struggles that have marked the history of the peoples of Africa in both the colonial and post-colonial periods. Among the works that deal with this is Le Temps de Tamango by Boubacar Boris Diop. In this political fiction, the Senegalese novelist highlights the failure of African independence and the struggle of an African people for its second independence, which he updates to 2063.