Is there a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) underway? If so, what is NATO's role? I think that the Alliance has a dual position, on the one hand being a beneficiary and on the other hand being a promoter of contemporary RMA. I propose to include the political factor as a fundamental element of this contemporary RMA, as one of the main "engines" of transformation along with the other consecrated factors such as technology, strategy, structure and doctrine. The RMA is a political-military phenomenon in which major political changes give birth to fundamental transformations in the military system; it supposes transformations taking place in the political, technological, doctrinal, structural and operational fields; RMA occurs only when all of these elements are simultaneously found in the revolutionary process of change, transformation and adaptation to the new geopolitical and military context which generated it. I appreciate that the RMA triggered 27 years ago is still active,and has been going on, in post - Cold War period, with variable intensity under American leadership but within NATO context, and has a significant political component, specific to the geopolitical context.