It is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the ecological relationships between the remaining forest cover that borders the small streams. The environmental complexities in which these forests are found are the main elements that motivated the execution of a study involving soils, geomorphological and phytosociological aspects. The aim of this work was to study tree communities distributed in different positions in the landscape in a micro-watershed. Soil conditions and landforms were studied in detail in order to understand ecological and phytosociological patterns. In the study, 12 geomorphological and pedological compartments were determined.