The tragedy of maternal filicide has occurred throughout history and throughout the world. It is a complicated and multidimensional phenomenon with various characteristics, motivation, risk factors and patterns. Although it rarely happens that a mother kills her child, it can arouse dismay and a deep collective anguish. For this reason, when these crimes occur, the idea is of a mother certainly "mad", that killed because of mental disorder. Child murder by mothers is a public health concern. Mental illness clearly plays a role in filicidal acts. Then psychologists and psychiatrists have a key role in identifying women at risk during pregnancy and the postpartum period.