High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Robert Christian Barthold Avé-Lallemant (July 25, 1812 October 10, 1884) was a German physician and explorer who was a native of Lübeck. He was a brother to criminologist Friedrich Christian Benedict Avé-Lallemant (1809-1892) and music critic Theodore Avé-Lallemant (1806-1890). He earned his medical doctorate from the University of Kiel, and in 1836 relocated to Brazil, where he subsequently became director of a sanatorium for yellow fever patients in Rio de Janeiro. In 1855 he returned to Germany, and enlisted as ship's doctor for the Austrian Novara expedition. After the SMS Novara had crossed the Atlantic Ocean to South America in 1857, Avé-Lallemant disembarked in Rio de Janeiro, leaving the expedition. During his second time in Brazil he spent approximately two years performing extensive exploration of the country, having the support of Emperor Dom Pedro.