Rodolfo Pio da Carpi (February 22, 1500 May 2, 1564) was an Italian Cardinal, humanist and patron of the arts. He formed a great library and was at the center of humanist studies in 16th-century Rome, though serving on the Roman Inquisition. He was a trusted advisor to Pope Pius III and helped to establish the Inquisition at Milan. Born to a distinguished noble family (see below) at Carpi near Modena, where his uncle Alberto (c. 1475-1531) was lord of Carpi, Rodolfo was sent to study at the University of Padua and at Rome, where he took up a church career under Pope Clement VII, who made him bishop of Faenza in 1528.