Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Roebourne is an old gold rush town in Western Australia's Pilbara region. It is 202 km from Port Hedland and 1,563 km from Perth, the state's capital. It prospered during its gold boom of the late 19th century and was once the biggest settlement between Darwin and Perth. At the 2006 census, Roebourne had a population of 857. The hottest temperature ever measured in the town was 49.4 degrees celsius on 19 February 1998. Roebourne's name honours John Septimus Roe, the first Surveyor General of Western Australia. The Pilbara region was first explored by Francis Thomas Gregory in 1861. He and his exploration party arrived at the head of Nickol Bay, landing near what was to become Roebourne, and travelling about 60 km inland to present day Millstream Station.