Microfinance is very important for poor people as well as businesses and provides diversified, dependable and timely financial and non financial services. This study aimed at assessing the role of microfinance institutions in promoting the socioeconomic condition of the beneficiaries in the case of Addis credit and saving institution share company in Gulele sub city. Specifically, the study aims at assessing the role of AdCSI S.C in promoting the socioeconomic condition of its beneficiaries, its role in enhancing the development of MSEs, identifying its products and services, and the major challenges of AdCSI S.C. In the study, mixed research approach was used. Primary data were obtained from 173 sample respondents using close and open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation data collecting tools. Primary data were obtained from branch managers of AdCSI S.C., MSE office and selected governmental experts and officials , and the beneficiaries of AdCSI S.C. Secondary data was also collected from books, journals, past research, thesis, official documents and websites.