Timothy M. Flood
Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711-1492
Timothy M. Flood
Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711-1492
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The Muslim conquest of Iberia in 711 unleashed a struggle for political control of the peninsula that endured for nearly eight centuries. In this study, the author introduces the general reader to the rulers who exercised authority over the peninsula during a very complex and sometimes confusing period. He guides the reader through the chronology of the rulers' ascendance, deposition, or demise.
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The Muslim conquest of Iberia in 711 unleashed a struggle for political control of the peninsula that endured for nearly eight centuries. In this study, the author introduces the general reader to the rulers who exercised authority over the peninsula during a very complex and sometimes confusing period. He guides the reader through the chronology of the rulers' ascendance, deposition, or demise.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: McFarland & Co Inc
- Seitenzahl: 246
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. November 2018
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 13mm
- Gewicht: 440g
- ISBN-13: 9781476674711
- ISBN-10: 147667471X
- Artikelnr.: 52423941
- Verlag: McFarland & Co Inc
- Seitenzahl: 246
- Erscheinungstermin: 1. November 2018
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 13mm
- Gewicht: 440g
- ISBN-13: 9781476674711
- ISBN-10: 147667471X
- Artikelnr.: 52423941
Timothy M. Flood lives in Bellaire, Michigan.
Table of Contents Preface 1.
On the Eve of Conquest: Before The Visigoths in Iberia The Arab Conquest of North Africa Count Julian and Musa ibn Nusayr 2.
The Muslim Invasion and the Period of Governors: 711-756 The Muslim Invasion of Iberia The Arrival of Musa ibn Nusayr: 712-714 The Campaigns of Abd al-Aziz: 714-716 The Administration of al-Hurr: 716-718 Pelagius (Pelayo) and the Beginning of Christian Resistance A Rapid Succession of Governors and Muslim Expansion North the Pyrenees Berber Uprising and Civil War Expansion of Asturias During the Reign of Alfonso I (739-757) 3.
Umayyad Emirs and the Emergence of the Christian North: 756-912 The Rise of Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan The Christian North During the Time of Abd al-Rahman I The Asturian Kingdom and the Reigns of Hisham I (788-796) and al-Hakam I (796-822) Carolingian Influence in the Pyrenees After 778 Carolingian Control Rebuffed in the Western Pyrenees The Banu Qasi and Pamplona Versus Córdoba Ramiro I (842-850) of Asturias Mid-Ninth Century Changes in Leadership Internal Unrest in al-Andalus Under Muhammad I (852-886) The Short Unfortunate Reign of al-Mundhir (886-888) The Reign of Abd Allah (888-912) Emerging Independence in the Eastern Pyrenean Counties Fortún Garcés (880?-905), the Last of His Dynasty in Navarre 4.
The Age of Abd al-Rahman III: 912-961 Abd al-Rahman III Restores the Authority of Córdoba The Sons of Alfonso III: 910-925 The Struggle for La Rioja The Christian North in a State of Flux: 925-931 The Surging Influence of Castile The Emir Abd al-Rahman III (912-961) Becomes Caliph The Resumption of Conflicts During the Reign of Ramiro II (931-951) Ordoño III (951-956), Sancho I (956...966), and Ordoño IV (958-959) 5.
From Dominance to Decadence in al-Andalus: 961-1031 The Kingdoms of León and Navarre in Contest with al-Hakam II (961-976) The Reign of Hisham II (976...1013) and the Usurpation of al-Mansur The Christian North Oppressed by the Dictatorship of al-Mansur Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (1002-1008) Maintains Muslim Dominance Over the North The Short Dictatorship of Sanchuelo (1008-1009) Sancho García Aligns with Caliph Sulayman Against Caliph Muhammad II: 1009 From Ali ibn Hammud (1016-1018) to Hisham III (1027-1031) The Christian North Benefits from the Civil War in al-Andalus 6.
The Vacillation of Power Between Christian and Muslim Realms: 1035-1109 The Disintegration of the Caliphate into Taifa States The Four Sons of Sancho Garcés III-García, Ramiro, Gonzalo, and Fernando: 1035-1065 The Sons of Fernando I-Sancho, Alfonso, and García: 1065-1073 The Early Success of Alfonso VI: 1073-1085 Changes in Leadership in the Eastern Counties: 1035-1096 The Rise of the Almoravids The Hegemony of Alfonso VI Is Challenged: 1086-1109 7.
Christian Civil War and Waning Almoravid Power: 1109-1157 The Failed Marriage of Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragon and Civil War: 1109-1117 León-Castile During the Final Years of Urraca's Reign: 1117-1126 The Eastern Counties Under Ramon Berenguer III (1097-1131) The Emergence of Portugal Alfonso I of Aragon, the Battler, During the Truce with León-Castile: 1118-1126 Young Alfonso VII and the Elder Battler in Contest: 1126-1134 The Reign of Ramiro II and the Union of Aragon and Catalonia: 1134-1137 The Re-Alignment and Stabilization of Four Christian Realms: 1137-1143 The Rise of the Almohads The Christian North Confronts a New Power in al-Andalus: 1143-1157 8.
The Division of León-Castile and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157-1214 The Division of León-Castile and the Regency of Alfonso VIII: 1157-1169 Almohad Campaigns During the Early Reign of Alfonso VIII: 1169-1188 The Almohads Successfully Contest Christian Aggression: 1189-1195 A Defeated Alfonso VIII Triumphs at Las Navas de Tolosa: 1196-1212 The Death of Three Leaders and the End of an Era: 1213-1214
9.
The Age of the Great Christian Conquests and the Era of Alfonso X: 1214-1284 The Unfortunate Reign of Enrique I and the Ascendance of Fernando III: 1214-1224 The Early Years of Jaume I of Aragon-Barcelona: 1213-1228 The Reign of Afonso II of Portugal: 1211-1223 The Almohad Empire in Disorder and the Renewal of Christian Offensives: 1224-1230 Relentless Strikes from a Reunited León-Castile: 1231-1235 Jaume I of Aragon Advances on Valencia: 1232-1238 Córdoba and Its Environs Fall to the Crown of Castile: 1235-1241 The Fall of Murcia, Jaén and the Vassalage of Granada: 1243-1246 The Deposition of Sancho II and Portugal's Advance on the Algarve: 1245-1249 The Conquest of Seville and the Last Days of Fernando III: 1246-1252 The Early Reign of Alfonso X: 1252-1275 The Final Years of Alfonso X: 1275-1284 10.
A Rebellious Nobility During War, Plague and Famine: 1284-1369 The Reign of Sancho IV (1284-1295) The Reigns of Pere III (1276-1285), Alfonso III (1285-1291), and Jaume II (1291-1327) of Aragon The Reign of Fernando IV (1295-1312) The Minority of Alfonso XI: 1312-1325 Leadership Changes in Portugal, Navarre, Aragon, and Granada the 1320's The Majority of Alfonso XI: 1325-1350 The Reign of Pedro I, el Cruel (1350-1369) 11.
The Age of the Trastámaras: 1369-1479 The Reign of the First Trastámara, Enrique II (1369-1379) Juan I (1379-1390) of Castile and the Failed Annexation of Portugal The Reign of Enrique III (1390-1406) of Castile The End of the Male Line in Aragon: 1387-1410 The Minority of Juan II of Castile and the Rise of Fernando Antequera: 1406-1419 The Majority of Juan II of Castile: 1419-1454 The Reign of Enrique IV (1454-1474) of Castile Civil War in Navarre and Aragon During the Reign of Joan II: 1441-1472 Portugal Under Duarte (1433-1438) and Afonso V (1438...1481) Isabel and Fernando Struggle for Unity and Pacification: 1474-1479 12.
The Catholic Monarchs and the Conquest of Granada: 1480-1492 A New Order in Iberia and an Escalation of War with Granada: 1480-1486 The Fall of Málaga, Eastern Andalucia, and Granada: 1487-1492 Appendix I: Lists Visigothic Rulers Umayyad Governors, Emirs, Caliphs 632-1031 Almoravid and Almohad Leaders The Nasrids of Granada Appendix II: Maps Map 1: Roman Provinces Map 2: Visigothic Settlement Between Bordeaux and Toulouse Map 3: Visigothic Conquests Under Leovigild, Sisebut and Suintila Map 4: The Muslim Conquest of North Africa Map 5: Muslim Invasion Routes in Iberia: 711-714 Map 6: Iberia Circa 930 Map 7: The Early County of Castile Map 8: Locations in La Rioja Map 9: Christian Advances by 1076, 1086, 1157, 1230, and 1252 Appendix III: Genealogical Charts Chart 1: The Kings of Asturias: 718-910 Chart 2: The Counts of Aragon: 809-922 Chart 3: The Kings of Pamplona: 824-905 Chart 4: The Counts of Ribagorça-Pallars Chart 5: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 812-1038 Chart 6: The Banu Qasi Chart 7: The Kings of Navarre: 905-1076 Chart 8: The Kings of León: 866-1037 Chart 9: The Counts of Castile: 931-1037 Chart 10: The Kings of León-Castile: 1037-1252 Chart 11: The Kings of Aragon: 1035-1162 Chart 12: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 1035-1162 Chart 13: The Kings of Navarre Restored: 1134-1305 Chart 14: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1131-1387 Chart 15: The Kings of Portugal: 1139-1367 Chart 16: The Kings of León-Castile: 1252-1369 Chart 17: The Kings of León-Castile: 1350-1504 Chart 18: The French Rulers of Navarre: 1305-1518 Chart 19: The Kings of Portugal: 1357-1495 Chart 20: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1387-1516 Works Consulted Index
On the Eve of Conquest: Before The Visigoths in Iberia The Arab Conquest of North Africa Count Julian and Musa ibn Nusayr 2.
The Muslim Invasion and the Period of Governors: 711-756 The Muslim Invasion of Iberia The Arrival of Musa ibn Nusayr: 712-714 The Campaigns of Abd al-Aziz: 714-716 The Administration of al-Hurr: 716-718 Pelagius (Pelayo) and the Beginning of Christian Resistance A Rapid Succession of Governors and Muslim Expansion North the Pyrenees Berber Uprising and Civil War Expansion of Asturias During the Reign of Alfonso I (739-757) 3.
Umayyad Emirs and the Emergence of the Christian North: 756-912 The Rise of Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan The Christian North During the Time of Abd al-Rahman I The Asturian Kingdom and the Reigns of Hisham I (788-796) and al-Hakam I (796-822) Carolingian Influence in the Pyrenees After 778 Carolingian Control Rebuffed in the Western Pyrenees The Banu Qasi and Pamplona Versus Córdoba Ramiro I (842-850) of Asturias Mid-Ninth Century Changes in Leadership Internal Unrest in al-Andalus Under Muhammad I (852-886) The Short Unfortunate Reign of al-Mundhir (886-888) The Reign of Abd Allah (888-912) Emerging Independence in the Eastern Pyrenean Counties Fortún Garcés (880?-905), the Last of His Dynasty in Navarre 4.
The Age of Abd al-Rahman III: 912-961 Abd al-Rahman III Restores the Authority of Córdoba The Sons of Alfonso III: 910-925 The Struggle for La Rioja The Christian North in a State of Flux: 925-931 The Surging Influence of Castile The Emir Abd al-Rahman III (912-961) Becomes Caliph The Resumption of Conflicts During the Reign of Ramiro II (931-951) Ordoño III (951-956), Sancho I (956...966), and Ordoño IV (958-959) 5.
From Dominance to Decadence in al-Andalus: 961-1031 The Kingdoms of León and Navarre in Contest with al-Hakam II (961-976) The Reign of Hisham II (976...1013) and the Usurpation of al-Mansur The Christian North Oppressed by the Dictatorship of al-Mansur Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (1002-1008) Maintains Muslim Dominance Over the North The Short Dictatorship of Sanchuelo (1008-1009) Sancho García Aligns with Caliph Sulayman Against Caliph Muhammad II: 1009 From Ali ibn Hammud (1016-1018) to Hisham III (1027-1031) The Christian North Benefits from the Civil War in al-Andalus 6.
The Vacillation of Power Between Christian and Muslim Realms: 1035-1109 The Disintegration of the Caliphate into Taifa States The Four Sons of Sancho Garcés III-García, Ramiro, Gonzalo, and Fernando: 1035-1065 The Sons of Fernando I-Sancho, Alfonso, and García: 1065-1073 The Early Success of Alfonso VI: 1073-1085 Changes in Leadership in the Eastern Counties: 1035-1096 The Rise of the Almoravids The Hegemony of Alfonso VI Is Challenged: 1086-1109 7.
Christian Civil War and Waning Almoravid Power: 1109-1157 The Failed Marriage of Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragon and Civil War: 1109-1117 León-Castile During the Final Years of Urraca's Reign: 1117-1126 The Eastern Counties Under Ramon Berenguer III (1097-1131) The Emergence of Portugal Alfonso I of Aragon, the Battler, During the Truce with León-Castile: 1118-1126 Young Alfonso VII and the Elder Battler in Contest: 1126-1134 The Reign of Ramiro II and the Union of Aragon and Catalonia: 1134-1137 The Re-Alignment and Stabilization of Four Christian Realms: 1137-1143 The Rise of the Almohads The Christian North Confronts a New Power in al-Andalus: 1143-1157 8.
The Division of León-Castile and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157-1214 The Division of León-Castile and the Regency of Alfonso VIII: 1157-1169 Almohad Campaigns During the Early Reign of Alfonso VIII: 1169-1188 The Almohads Successfully Contest Christian Aggression: 1189-1195 A Defeated Alfonso VIII Triumphs at Las Navas de Tolosa: 1196-1212 The Death of Three Leaders and the End of an Era: 1213-1214
9.
The Age of the Great Christian Conquests and the Era of Alfonso X: 1214-1284 The Unfortunate Reign of Enrique I and the Ascendance of Fernando III: 1214-1224 The Early Years of Jaume I of Aragon-Barcelona: 1213-1228 The Reign of Afonso II of Portugal: 1211-1223 The Almohad Empire in Disorder and the Renewal of Christian Offensives: 1224-1230 Relentless Strikes from a Reunited León-Castile: 1231-1235 Jaume I of Aragon Advances on Valencia: 1232-1238 Córdoba and Its Environs Fall to the Crown of Castile: 1235-1241 The Fall of Murcia, Jaén and the Vassalage of Granada: 1243-1246 The Deposition of Sancho II and Portugal's Advance on the Algarve: 1245-1249 The Conquest of Seville and the Last Days of Fernando III: 1246-1252 The Early Reign of Alfonso X: 1252-1275 The Final Years of Alfonso X: 1275-1284 10.
A Rebellious Nobility During War, Plague and Famine: 1284-1369 The Reign of Sancho IV (1284-1295) The Reigns of Pere III (1276-1285), Alfonso III (1285-1291), and Jaume II (1291-1327) of Aragon The Reign of Fernando IV (1295-1312) The Minority of Alfonso XI: 1312-1325 Leadership Changes in Portugal, Navarre, Aragon, and Granada the 1320's The Majority of Alfonso XI: 1325-1350 The Reign of Pedro I, el Cruel (1350-1369) 11.
The Age of the Trastámaras: 1369-1479 The Reign of the First Trastámara, Enrique II (1369-1379) Juan I (1379-1390) of Castile and the Failed Annexation of Portugal The Reign of Enrique III (1390-1406) of Castile The End of the Male Line in Aragon: 1387-1410 The Minority of Juan II of Castile and the Rise of Fernando Antequera: 1406-1419 The Majority of Juan II of Castile: 1419-1454 The Reign of Enrique IV (1454-1474) of Castile Civil War in Navarre and Aragon During the Reign of Joan II: 1441-1472 Portugal Under Duarte (1433-1438) and Afonso V (1438...1481) Isabel and Fernando Struggle for Unity and Pacification: 1474-1479 12.
The Catholic Monarchs and the Conquest of Granada: 1480-1492 A New Order in Iberia and an Escalation of War with Granada: 1480-1486 The Fall of Málaga, Eastern Andalucia, and Granada: 1487-1492 Appendix I: Lists Visigothic Rulers Umayyad Governors, Emirs, Caliphs 632-1031 Almoravid and Almohad Leaders The Nasrids of Granada Appendix II: Maps Map 1: Roman Provinces Map 2: Visigothic Settlement Between Bordeaux and Toulouse Map 3: Visigothic Conquests Under Leovigild, Sisebut and Suintila Map 4: The Muslim Conquest of North Africa Map 5: Muslim Invasion Routes in Iberia: 711-714 Map 6: Iberia Circa 930 Map 7: The Early County of Castile Map 8: Locations in La Rioja Map 9: Christian Advances by 1076, 1086, 1157, 1230, and 1252 Appendix III: Genealogical Charts Chart 1: The Kings of Asturias: 718-910 Chart 2: The Counts of Aragon: 809-922 Chart 3: The Kings of Pamplona: 824-905 Chart 4: The Counts of Ribagorça-Pallars Chart 5: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 812-1038 Chart 6: The Banu Qasi Chart 7: The Kings of Navarre: 905-1076 Chart 8: The Kings of León: 866-1037 Chart 9: The Counts of Castile: 931-1037 Chart 10: The Kings of León-Castile: 1037-1252 Chart 11: The Kings of Aragon: 1035-1162 Chart 12: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 1035-1162 Chart 13: The Kings of Navarre Restored: 1134-1305 Chart 14: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1131-1387 Chart 15: The Kings of Portugal: 1139-1367 Chart 16: The Kings of León-Castile: 1252-1369 Chart 17: The Kings of León-Castile: 1350-1504 Chart 18: The French Rulers of Navarre: 1305-1518 Chart 19: The Kings of Portugal: 1357-1495 Chart 20: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1387-1516 Works Consulted Index
Table of Contents Preface 1.
On the Eve of Conquest: Before The Visigoths in Iberia The Arab Conquest of North Africa Count Julian and Musa ibn Nusayr 2.
The Muslim Invasion and the Period of Governors: 711-756 The Muslim Invasion of Iberia The Arrival of Musa ibn Nusayr: 712-714 The Campaigns of Abd al-Aziz: 714-716 The Administration of al-Hurr: 716-718 Pelagius (Pelayo) and the Beginning of Christian Resistance A Rapid Succession of Governors and Muslim Expansion North the Pyrenees Berber Uprising and Civil War Expansion of Asturias During the Reign of Alfonso I (739-757) 3.
Umayyad Emirs and the Emergence of the Christian North: 756-912 The Rise of Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan The Christian North During the Time of Abd al-Rahman I The Asturian Kingdom and the Reigns of Hisham I (788-796) and al-Hakam I (796-822) Carolingian Influence in the Pyrenees After 778 Carolingian Control Rebuffed in the Western Pyrenees The Banu Qasi and Pamplona Versus Córdoba Ramiro I (842-850) of Asturias Mid-Ninth Century Changes in Leadership Internal Unrest in al-Andalus Under Muhammad I (852-886) The Short Unfortunate Reign of al-Mundhir (886-888) The Reign of Abd Allah (888-912) Emerging Independence in the Eastern Pyrenean Counties Fortún Garcés (880?-905), the Last of His Dynasty in Navarre 4.
The Age of Abd al-Rahman III: 912-961 Abd al-Rahman III Restores the Authority of Córdoba The Sons of Alfonso III: 910-925 The Struggle for La Rioja The Christian North in a State of Flux: 925-931 The Surging Influence of Castile The Emir Abd al-Rahman III (912-961) Becomes Caliph The Resumption of Conflicts During the Reign of Ramiro II (931-951) Ordoño III (951-956), Sancho I (956...966), and Ordoño IV (958-959) 5.
From Dominance to Decadence in al-Andalus: 961-1031 The Kingdoms of León and Navarre in Contest with al-Hakam II (961-976) The Reign of Hisham II (976...1013) and the Usurpation of al-Mansur The Christian North Oppressed by the Dictatorship of al-Mansur Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (1002-1008) Maintains Muslim Dominance Over the North The Short Dictatorship of Sanchuelo (1008-1009) Sancho García Aligns with Caliph Sulayman Against Caliph Muhammad II: 1009 From Ali ibn Hammud (1016-1018) to Hisham III (1027-1031) The Christian North Benefits from the Civil War in al-Andalus 6.
The Vacillation of Power Between Christian and Muslim Realms: 1035-1109 The Disintegration of the Caliphate into Taifa States The Four Sons of Sancho Garcés III-García, Ramiro, Gonzalo, and Fernando: 1035-1065 The Sons of Fernando I-Sancho, Alfonso, and García: 1065-1073 The Early Success of Alfonso VI: 1073-1085 Changes in Leadership in the Eastern Counties: 1035-1096 The Rise of the Almoravids The Hegemony of Alfonso VI Is Challenged: 1086-1109 7.
Christian Civil War and Waning Almoravid Power: 1109-1157 The Failed Marriage of Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragon and Civil War: 1109-1117 León-Castile During the Final Years of Urraca's Reign: 1117-1126 The Eastern Counties Under Ramon Berenguer III (1097-1131) The Emergence of Portugal Alfonso I of Aragon, the Battler, During the Truce with León-Castile: 1118-1126 Young Alfonso VII and the Elder Battler in Contest: 1126-1134 The Reign of Ramiro II and the Union of Aragon and Catalonia: 1134-1137 The Re-Alignment and Stabilization of Four Christian Realms: 1137-1143 The Rise of the Almohads The Christian North Confronts a New Power in al-Andalus: 1143-1157 8.
The Division of León-Castile and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157-1214 The Division of León-Castile and the Regency of Alfonso VIII: 1157-1169 Almohad Campaigns During the Early Reign of Alfonso VIII: 1169-1188 The Almohads Successfully Contest Christian Aggression: 1189-1195 A Defeated Alfonso VIII Triumphs at Las Navas de Tolosa: 1196-1212 The Death of Three Leaders and the End of an Era: 1213-1214
9.
The Age of the Great Christian Conquests and the Era of Alfonso X: 1214-1284 The Unfortunate Reign of Enrique I and the Ascendance of Fernando III: 1214-1224 The Early Years of Jaume I of Aragon-Barcelona: 1213-1228 The Reign of Afonso II of Portugal: 1211-1223 The Almohad Empire in Disorder and the Renewal of Christian Offensives: 1224-1230 Relentless Strikes from a Reunited León-Castile: 1231-1235 Jaume I of Aragon Advances on Valencia: 1232-1238 Córdoba and Its Environs Fall to the Crown of Castile: 1235-1241 The Fall of Murcia, Jaén and the Vassalage of Granada: 1243-1246 The Deposition of Sancho II and Portugal's Advance on the Algarve: 1245-1249 The Conquest of Seville and the Last Days of Fernando III: 1246-1252 The Early Reign of Alfonso X: 1252-1275 The Final Years of Alfonso X: 1275-1284 10.
A Rebellious Nobility During War, Plague and Famine: 1284-1369 The Reign of Sancho IV (1284-1295) The Reigns of Pere III (1276-1285), Alfonso III (1285-1291), and Jaume II (1291-1327) of Aragon The Reign of Fernando IV (1295-1312) The Minority of Alfonso XI: 1312-1325 Leadership Changes in Portugal, Navarre, Aragon, and Granada the 1320's The Majority of Alfonso XI: 1325-1350 The Reign of Pedro I, el Cruel (1350-1369) 11.
The Age of the Trastámaras: 1369-1479 The Reign of the First Trastámara, Enrique II (1369-1379) Juan I (1379-1390) of Castile and the Failed Annexation of Portugal The Reign of Enrique III (1390-1406) of Castile The End of the Male Line in Aragon: 1387-1410 The Minority of Juan II of Castile and the Rise of Fernando Antequera: 1406-1419 The Majority of Juan II of Castile: 1419-1454 The Reign of Enrique IV (1454-1474) of Castile Civil War in Navarre and Aragon During the Reign of Joan II: 1441-1472 Portugal Under Duarte (1433-1438) and Afonso V (1438...1481) Isabel and Fernando Struggle for Unity and Pacification: 1474-1479 12.
The Catholic Monarchs and the Conquest of Granada: 1480-1492 A New Order in Iberia and an Escalation of War with Granada: 1480-1486 The Fall of Málaga, Eastern Andalucia, and Granada: 1487-1492 Appendix I: Lists Visigothic Rulers Umayyad Governors, Emirs, Caliphs 632-1031 Almoravid and Almohad Leaders The Nasrids of Granada Appendix II: Maps Map 1: Roman Provinces Map 2: Visigothic Settlement Between Bordeaux and Toulouse Map 3: Visigothic Conquests Under Leovigild, Sisebut and Suintila Map 4: The Muslim Conquest of North Africa Map 5: Muslim Invasion Routes in Iberia: 711-714 Map 6: Iberia Circa 930 Map 7: The Early County of Castile Map 8: Locations in La Rioja Map 9: Christian Advances by 1076, 1086, 1157, 1230, and 1252 Appendix III: Genealogical Charts Chart 1: The Kings of Asturias: 718-910 Chart 2: The Counts of Aragon: 809-922 Chart 3: The Kings of Pamplona: 824-905 Chart 4: The Counts of Ribagorça-Pallars Chart 5: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 812-1038 Chart 6: The Banu Qasi Chart 7: The Kings of Navarre: 905-1076 Chart 8: The Kings of León: 866-1037 Chart 9: The Counts of Castile: 931-1037 Chart 10: The Kings of León-Castile: 1037-1252 Chart 11: The Kings of Aragon: 1035-1162 Chart 12: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 1035-1162 Chart 13: The Kings of Navarre Restored: 1134-1305 Chart 14: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1131-1387 Chart 15: The Kings of Portugal: 1139-1367 Chart 16: The Kings of León-Castile: 1252-1369 Chart 17: The Kings of León-Castile: 1350-1504 Chart 18: The French Rulers of Navarre: 1305-1518 Chart 19: The Kings of Portugal: 1357-1495 Chart 20: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1387-1516 Works Consulted Index
On the Eve of Conquest: Before The Visigoths in Iberia The Arab Conquest of North Africa Count Julian and Musa ibn Nusayr 2.
The Muslim Invasion and the Period of Governors: 711-756 The Muslim Invasion of Iberia The Arrival of Musa ibn Nusayr: 712-714 The Campaigns of Abd al-Aziz: 714-716 The Administration of al-Hurr: 716-718 Pelagius (Pelayo) and the Beginning of Christian Resistance A Rapid Succession of Governors and Muslim Expansion North the Pyrenees Berber Uprising and Civil War Expansion of Asturias During the Reign of Alfonso I (739-757) 3.
Umayyad Emirs and the Emergence of the Christian North: 756-912 The Rise of Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan The Christian North During the Time of Abd al-Rahman I The Asturian Kingdom and the Reigns of Hisham I (788-796) and al-Hakam I (796-822) Carolingian Influence in the Pyrenees After 778 Carolingian Control Rebuffed in the Western Pyrenees The Banu Qasi and Pamplona Versus Córdoba Ramiro I (842-850) of Asturias Mid-Ninth Century Changes in Leadership Internal Unrest in al-Andalus Under Muhammad I (852-886) The Short Unfortunate Reign of al-Mundhir (886-888) The Reign of Abd Allah (888-912) Emerging Independence in the Eastern Pyrenean Counties Fortún Garcés (880?-905), the Last of His Dynasty in Navarre 4.
The Age of Abd al-Rahman III: 912-961 Abd al-Rahman III Restores the Authority of Córdoba The Sons of Alfonso III: 910-925 The Struggle for La Rioja The Christian North in a State of Flux: 925-931 The Surging Influence of Castile The Emir Abd al-Rahman III (912-961) Becomes Caliph The Resumption of Conflicts During the Reign of Ramiro II (931-951) Ordoño III (951-956), Sancho I (956...966), and Ordoño IV (958-959) 5.
From Dominance to Decadence in al-Andalus: 961-1031 The Kingdoms of León and Navarre in Contest with al-Hakam II (961-976) The Reign of Hisham II (976...1013) and the Usurpation of al-Mansur The Christian North Oppressed by the Dictatorship of al-Mansur Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar (1002-1008) Maintains Muslim Dominance Over the North The Short Dictatorship of Sanchuelo (1008-1009) Sancho García Aligns with Caliph Sulayman Against Caliph Muhammad II: 1009 From Ali ibn Hammud (1016-1018) to Hisham III (1027-1031) The Christian North Benefits from the Civil War in al-Andalus 6.
The Vacillation of Power Between Christian and Muslim Realms: 1035-1109 The Disintegration of the Caliphate into Taifa States The Four Sons of Sancho Garcés III-García, Ramiro, Gonzalo, and Fernando: 1035-1065 The Sons of Fernando I-Sancho, Alfonso, and García: 1065-1073 The Early Success of Alfonso VI: 1073-1085 Changes in Leadership in the Eastern Counties: 1035-1096 The Rise of the Almoravids The Hegemony of Alfonso VI Is Challenged: 1086-1109 7.
Christian Civil War and Waning Almoravid Power: 1109-1157 The Failed Marriage of Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragon and Civil War: 1109-1117 León-Castile During the Final Years of Urraca's Reign: 1117-1126 The Eastern Counties Under Ramon Berenguer III (1097-1131) The Emergence of Portugal Alfonso I of Aragon, the Battler, During the Truce with León-Castile: 1118-1126 Young Alfonso VII and the Elder Battler in Contest: 1126-1134 The Reign of Ramiro II and the Union of Aragon and Catalonia: 1134-1137 The Re-Alignment and Stabilization of Four Christian Realms: 1137-1143 The Rise of the Almohads The Christian North Confronts a New Power in al-Andalus: 1143-1157 8.
The Division of León-Castile and the Decline of the Almohads: 1157-1214 The Division of León-Castile and the Regency of Alfonso VIII: 1157-1169 Almohad Campaigns During the Early Reign of Alfonso VIII: 1169-1188 The Almohads Successfully Contest Christian Aggression: 1189-1195 A Defeated Alfonso VIII Triumphs at Las Navas de Tolosa: 1196-1212 The Death of Three Leaders and the End of an Era: 1213-1214
9.
The Age of the Great Christian Conquests and the Era of Alfonso X: 1214-1284 The Unfortunate Reign of Enrique I and the Ascendance of Fernando III: 1214-1224 The Early Years of Jaume I of Aragon-Barcelona: 1213-1228 The Reign of Afonso II of Portugal: 1211-1223 The Almohad Empire in Disorder and the Renewal of Christian Offensives: 1224-1230 Relentless Strikes from a Reunited León-Castile: 1231-1235 Jaume I of Aragon Advances on Valencia: 1232-1238 Córdoba and Its Environs Fall to the Crown of Castile: 1235-1241 The Fall of Murcia, Jaén and the Vassalage of Granada: 1243-1246 The Deposition of Sancho II and Portugal's Advance on the Algarve: 1245-1249 The Conquest of Seville and the Last Days of Fernando III: 1246-1252 The Early Reign of Alfonso X: 1252-1275 The Final Years of Alfonso X: 1275-1284 10.
A Rebellious Nobility During War, Plague and Famine: 1284-1369 The Reign of Sancho IV (1284-1295) The Reigns of Pere III (1276-1285), Alfonso III (1285-1291), and Jaume II (1291-1327) of Aragon The Reign of Fernando IV (1295-1312) The Minority of Alfonso XI: 1312-1325 Leadership Changes in Portugal, Navarre, Aragon, and Granada the 1320's The Majority of Alfonso XI: 1325-1350 The Reign of Pedro I, el Cruel (1350-1369) 11.
The Age of the Trastámaras: 1369-1479 The Reign of the First Trastámara, Enrique II (1369-1379) Juan I (1379-1390) of Castile and the Failed Annexation of Portugal The Reign of Enrique III (1390-1406) of Castile The End of the Male Line in Aragon: 1387-1410 The Minority of Juan II of Castile and the Rise of Fernando Antequera: 1406-1419 The Majority of Juan II of Castile: 1419-1454 The Reign of Enrique IV (1454-1474) of Castile Civil War in Navarre and Aragon During the Reign of Joan II: 1441-1472 Portugal Under Duarte (1433-1438) and Afonso V (1438...1481) Isabel and Fernando Struggle for Unity and Pacification: 1474-1479 12.
The Catholic Monarchs and the Conquest of Granada: 1480-1492 A New Order in Iberia and an Escalation of War with Granada: 1480-1486 The Fall of Málaga, Eastern Andalucia, and Granada: 1487-1492 Appendix I: Lists Visigothic Rulers Umayyad Governors, Emirs, Caliphs 632-1031 Almoravid and Almohad Leaders The Nasrids of Granada Appendix II: Maps Map 1: Roman Provinces Map 2: Visigothic Settlement Between Bordeaux and Toulouse Map 3: Visigothic Conquests Under Leovigild, Sisebut and Suintila Map 4: The Muslim Conquest of North Africa Map 5: Muslim Invasion Routes in Iberia: 711-714 Map 6: Iberia Circa 930 Map 7: The Early County of Castile Map 8: Locations in La Rioja Map 9: Christian Advances by 1076, 1086, 1157, 1230, and 1252 Appendix III: Genealogical Charts Chart 1: The Kings of Asturias: 718-910 Chart 2: The Counts of Aragon: 809-922 Chart 3: The Kings of Pamplona: 824-905 Chart 4: The Counts of Ribagorça-Pallars Chart 5: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 812-1038 Chart 6: The Banu Qasi Chart 7: The Kings of Navarre: 905-1076 Chart 8: The Kings of León: 866-1037 Chart 9: The Counts of Castile: 931-1037 Chart 10: The Kings of León-Castile: 1037-1252 Chart 11: The Kings of Aragon: 1035-1162 Chart 12: The Counts of the Eastern Pyrenees: 1035-1162 Chart 13: The Kings of Navarre Restored: 1134-1305 Chart 14: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1131-1387 Chart 15: The Kings of Portugal: 1139-1367 Chart 16: The Kings of León-Castile: 1252-1369 Chart 17: The Kings of León-Castile: 1350-1504 Chart 18: The French Rulers of Navarre: 1305-1518 Chart 19: The Kings of Portugal: 1357-1495 Chart 20: The Count-Kings of Aragon-Barcelona: 1387-1516 Works Consulted Index