Russia has entered the twenty-first century carrying the heavy burden of the reforms of the 1990s. During the first decade of socio-economic transformations in the new Russia, a directly opposite system of material provision of the population has developed, in which the functions and possibilities of the state have been minimized. First of all, the importance of official earnings in the structure of income has almost halved over the years of reforms The policy of the 1990s, which were called progressive economic reforms, which entailed only the appropriation of national wealth by the ruling oligarchy, brought degradation in our country of a large part of human potential. The cause-and-effect relationship between the deterioration of living standards and quality of life due to changes in the economic situation is very clear. In this book you will find an evidence-based analysis of the economic transformations of those years. This book is the first monograph by Lipina S.A., based on her dissertation research, which was defended at the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2001.