The study of the origins and foundations of Russian mentality, its main modern philosophical and anthropological concepts allows to comprehend not only the patterns and features of the genesis of Russian civilization, but also the dialectical contradiction, the essential forces and potentialities of Russian man. There is great interest in Russian society in Pagan Slavonic mythology, which is increasingly beginning to be seen as the original source of Russian customs, traditions, which, combined with Orthodoxy, presents a great field of activity for identifying the phenomenon of the Russian mentality. This book reveals the foundations and origins of the Russian mentality in the context of the interconnectedness of archetypes, Slavic paganism, Orthodoxy, Russian religious philosophy, the Russian idea and Russian cosmism. This paper is an attempt to substantiate the above interrelationship as a philosophical problem and offers a consideration of the Russian mentality as an open complex multilevel system of Russian society. The Russian mentality is a genuine socio-cultural phenomenon and is introduced into the "field" of global, universal culture, revealing its universality.